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Assoc.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">735-738</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">283</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0098-7484</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000085129000009</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 0&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 45&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *ASS SCH PUBL HLTH, 1999, 10 MOST FREQ ASK QUE&#xD;     *ASS SCH PUBL HLTH, 1999, ENR US SCH PUBL HLTH&#xD;     *CDC, 1994, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V48, P839&#xD;     *CDC, 1995, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V44, P421&#xD;     *CDC, 1995, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V44, P427&#xD; 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    DOLL R, 1950, BRIT MED J, V2, P739&#xD;     DOLL R, 1982, STAT MED, V1, P337&#xD;     DYAL WW, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P6&#xD;     EMERSON H, 1945, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V35, P898&#xD;     HANLON JJ, 1984, PUBLIC HLTH ADM PRAC, P22&#xD;     KANN J, 1997, OIL SHALE, V14, P3&#xD;     KOPLAN JP, 1999, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V89, P1153&#xD;     LANGMUIR AD, 1963, NEW ENGL J MED, V268, P182&#xD;     LAST JM, 1992, MAXCY ROSENAU LAST P, P11&#xD;     MOSHER WD, 1998, FAM PLANN PERSPECT, V30, P43&#xD;     MOUNTIN JW, 1951, PHS PUBLICATION, V196&#xD;     REMINGTON PL, 1988, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V103, P366&#xD;     ROEMER MI, 1988, PUBLIC HLTH REPORTS, V103, P443&#xD;     SUSSER M, 1985, EPIDEMIOL REV, V7, P147&#xD;     TERRIS M, 1975, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V65, P161&#xD;     TEUTSCH SM, 1994, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1997, PUBLIC HLTH WHAT IT, P1121&#xD;     VANDENBROUCKE JP, 1987, J CHRON DIS, V40, P985&#xD;     VANDENBROUCKE JP, 1998, LANCET S2, V352, P12&#xD;     WINKELSTEIN W, 1973, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V2, P415</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000085129000009</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; 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Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>374</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">374</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guiding principles for development of ACIP recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">580</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/30</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breast Feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obstetrics/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 30</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18509303</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provides advice and guidance regarding effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases, including guidance for special populations that might warrant modification of routine recommendations. One such special population is pregnant and breastfeeding women. Formulation of recommendations for vaccination of pregnant and breastfeeding women is challenging because the available scientific evidence needed to guide decisions is limited. To promote use of a consistent process and uniform terminology, the ACIP Workgroup on Vaccines during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding was established in 2007 to develop guiding principles for drafting of ACIP recommendations for vaccination of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Workgroup members included ACIP members, members of professional medical organizations, experts in the field, and CDC consultants.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 May 30;57(21):580.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5721a3 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>469</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">469</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of expanded newborn screening--United States, 2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1012-5</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/20</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Diseases, Inborn/ diagnosis/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn, Diseases/ diagnosis/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonatal Screening/standards/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wisconsin/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18802410</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universal newborn screening for selected metabolic, endocrine, hematologic, and functional disorders is a well-established practice of state public health programs. Recent developments in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which is now capable of multi-analyte analysis in a high throughput capacity, has enabled newborn screening to include many more disorders detectable from a newborn blood spot. In 2006, to address the substantial variation that existed from state to state in the number of disorders included in newborn screening panels, the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), under guidance from the Health Resources and Services Administration, recommended a uniform panel of 29 disorders, which was subsequently endorsed by the federal Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. After 2006, most states began to expand their panels to include all 29 disorders; currently, 21 states and the District of Columbia have fully implemented the ACMG panel. To estimate the burden to state newborn screening programs resulting from this expansion, CDC used 2001-2006 data from those states with well-established MS/MS screening programs to estimate the number of children in the United States who would have been identified with disorders in 2006 if all 50 states and the District of Columbia had been using the ACMG panel. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, although such an expansion would have increased the number of children identified by only 32% (from 4,370 to 6,439), these children would have had many rare disorders that require local or regional capacity to deliver expertise in screening, diagnosis, and management. The findings underscore the need for public health and health-care delivery systems to build or expand the programs required to manage the rare disorders detected through expanded newborn screening, while also continuing programs to address more common disorders.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 19;57(37):1012-5.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5737a2 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>416</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">416</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months--United States, 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">961-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ utilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 5</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18772851</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure, Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>467</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">467</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-specific influenza vaccination coverage among adults--United States, 2006-07 influenza season</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1033-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/27</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza Vaccines/ administration &amp; dosage</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza, Human/epidemiology/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ utilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18818582</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult groups included in the 2008 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation for annual influenza vaccination include all persons aged &gt;/=50 years, women who will be pregnant during the influenza season, persons aged 18-49 years with high-risk conditions, and other persons at increased risk for complications from influenza. Health-care personnel and household contacts and caregivers of persons at high risk also should receive annual influenza vaccination, as should adults who want to reduce their risk for becoming ill with influenza or for transmitting it to others. Healthy People 2010 influenza vaccination coverage targets are 90% among all persons aged &gt;/=65 years and 60% among persons aged 18-64 years who have one or more high-risk conditions. Data from the 2006 and 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys indicate that influenza vaccination coverage among adults for the 2006-07 season increased significantly compared with the 2005-06 season, reaching 35.1% among persons aged 18-49 years with high-risk conditions, 42.0% among all persons aged 50-64 years, and 72.1% among all persons aged &gt;/=65 years. However, vaccination coverage remained well below Healthy People 2010 targets. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among adults in the United States will require more cooperation among health-care providers, professional organizations, vaccine manufacturers, and public health departments to raise public awareness about influenza vaccination and to ensure continued distribution and administration of available vaccine throughout the vaccination season.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 26;57(38):1033-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5738a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>486</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">486</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-specific prevalence of obesity among adults--United States, 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">765-8</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/07/19</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity/ epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18636063</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity is associated with reduced quality of life, development of serious chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, increased medical care costs, and premature death. A Healthy People 2010 objective is to reduce to 15% the proportion of adults who are obese. In 2005, no state met this target, and (based on self-reported height and weight) 23.9% of adults in the United States were obese. To update 2005 estimates of the prevalence of obesity in adults, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The results of that analysis indicated that 25.6% of respondents overall in 2007 were obese; the prevalence of obesity among adults remained above 15% in all states and was above 30% in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Enhanced collaborative efforts among national, state, and community groups are needed to establish, evaluate, and sustain effective programs and policies to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the United States.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Jul 18;57(28):765-8.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5728a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>417</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">417</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system--United States, 2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">985-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/ epidemiology/ethnology/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18784639</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data, Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>381</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">381</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of enhanced surveillance for hepatitis C virus infection to detect a cluster among young injection-drug users--new York, November 2004-April 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-21</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/16</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cluster Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatitis C/ epidemiology/ prevention &amp; control/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 16</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18480744</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections were added to the nationally notifiable diseases list in 2003. Approximately 3.2 million persons in the United States have chronic HCV infection. The most common risk factor for HCV infection is illicit drug use (specifically injection-drug use [IDU]), although approximately one third to one half of cases have no identified risk factor. Because approximately 80% of acute HCV infections are asymptomatic and no serologic markers for recent infection exist, distinguishing recent from distant infection based on serology alone is challenging and establishment of national HCV infection incidence is difficult. CDC provides funding to enhance surveillance for HCV infection and other forms of viral hepatitis in New York State (NYS) and seven other areas. One project of enhanced surveillance is to identify those HCV infections most likely to have been acquired recently. Since January 2006, NYSDOH has prioritized follow-up of positive laboratory markers for HCV infection among persons aged &lt;30 years because they are more likely to be newly infected than older persons. In February 2007, NYSDOH detected a cluster of HCV infections among persons in this age group by using the prioritized algorithm. This report describes the subsequent investigation by NYSDOH and the Erie County Department of Health (ECDOH), which identified a group of patients with histories of IDU who were linked through a single high school that all the patients had attended at some time. The findings demonstrate how targeted enhanced surveillance can effectively detect clusters and outbreaks and guide appropriate interventions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 May 16;57(19):517-21.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5719a3 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>448</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">448</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reduced hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction after implementation of a smoke-free ordinance--City of Pueblo, Colorado, 2002-2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1373-7</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/01/01</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colorado/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myocardial Infarction/ epidemiology/therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Policy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking/adverse effects/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence/prevention &amp;</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Population</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan 2</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19116606</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has immediate adverse cardiovascular effects, and prolonged exposure can cause coronary heart disease. Nine studies have reported that laws making indoor workplaces and public places smoke-free were associated with rapid, sizeable reductions in hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, most studies examined hospitalizations for 1 year or less after laws were implemented; thus, whether the observed effect was sustained over time was unknown. The Pueblo Heart Study examined the impact of a municipal smoke-free ordinance in the city of Pueblo, Colorado, that took effect on July 1, 2003. The rate of AMI hospitalizations for city residents decreased 27%, from 257 per 100,000 person-years during the 18 months before the ordinance&apos;s implementation to 187 during the 18 months after it (the Phase I post-implementation period). This report extends that analysis for an additional 18 months through June 30, 2006 (the Phase II post-implementation period). The rate of AMI hospitalizations among city residents continued to decrease to 152 per 100,000 person-years, a decline of 19% and 41% from the Phase I post-implementation and pre-implementation period, respectively. No significant changes were observed in two comparison areas. These findings suggest that smoke-free policies can result in reductions in AMI hospitalizations that are sustained over a 3-year period and that these policies are important in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease. This effect likely is mediated through reduced SHS exposure among nonsmokers and reduced smoking, with the former making the larger contribution.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#xD;United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Jan 2;57(51):1373-7.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5751a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>563</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">563</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abarca, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigg, C. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steele, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osgood, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keating, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPASS Initiative, Office of Health Statistics and Assessment, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida 32399, USA. Christine_Abarca@doh.state.fl.us</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building and measuring infrastructure and capacity for community health assessment and health improvement planning in Florida</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54-8</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/12/17</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Collection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Case Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550-5022 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19077595</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: COMPASS (Comprehensive Assessment, Strategic Success) is the Florida Department of Health&apos;s community health assessment and health improvement planning initiative. Since 2002, COMPASS built state and county health department infrastructure to support a comprehensive, systematic, and integrated approach to community health assessment and planning. METHODS: To assess the capacity of Florida&apos;s 67 county health departments (CHDs) to conduct community health assessment and planning and to identify training and technical assistance needs, COMPASS surveyed the CHDs using a Web-based instrument annually from 2004 through 2008. FINDINGS: Response rate to the survey was 100 percent annually. In 2007, 96 percent of CHDs reported conducting assessment and planning within the past 3 years; 74 percent used the MAPP (Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships) framework. Progress was greater for the organizational and assessment phases of the MAPP-based work; only 10 CHDs had identified strategic priorities in 2007, and even fewer had implemented strategies for improving health. In 2007, the most frequently requested types of training were measuring success, developing goals and action plans, and using qualitative data; technical assistance was most frequently requested for program evaluation and writing community health status reports. CONCLUSIONS: Florida&apos;s CHDs have increased their capacity to conduct community health assessment and planning. Questions remain about sustaining these gains with limited resources.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abarca, Christine&#xD;Grigg, C Meade&#xD;Steele, Jo Ann&#xD;Osgood, Laurie&#xD;Keating, Heidi&#xD;5-U82-CD-422347-05/CD/CDC HHS/United States&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2009 Jan-Feb;15(1):54-8.</style></notes><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181903c42 [doi]&#xD;00124784-200901000-00009 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>518</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">518</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ablah, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinius, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horn, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gebbie, K. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, 1010 N. Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214, USA. eablah@kumc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community health centers and emergency preparedness: an assessment of competencies and training needs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Community Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241-7</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/04/02</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Centers/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focus Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inservice Training/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0094-5145 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18379863</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community health centers (CHCs) provide care to a large number of medically underserved Americans. As primary care providers and trusted members of their communities, CHCs need to be prepared to respond to emergency and disaster situations, as they may be relied upon for medical care and other support services. Focus groups were conducted with CHC medical directors and administrators from New York City. Participants discussed previous emergency preparedness training, future training needs, applicability of competencies, and usefulness of two training programs. Participants indicated that they had more experience with preparedness training than many of their colleagues, although participants still reported further training needs. In particular, emergency roles and responsibilities, decontamination and containment, and personal preparedness were given as needed training topics for staff. The training resources were reported to be useful and beneficial. Participants also reported that most of the competencies were appropriate for CHC clinicians. During an emergency, people want to receive care from their normal provider, and for many, that provider is a CHC. This and other research suggests that the emergency preparedness needs facing CHCs are significant and should be addressed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ablah, Elizabeth&#xD;Tinius, Annie M&#xD;Horn, Leslie&#xD;Williams, Chris&#xD;Gebbie, Kristine M&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of community health&#xD;J Community Health. 2008 Aug;33(4):241-7.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1007/s10900-008-9093-9 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>496</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">496</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahluwalia, I. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolen, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Division of Adult and Community Health, National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. iahluwalia@cdc.gov</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lack of health insurance coverage among working-age adults, evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1993-2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Community Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">293-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/14</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insurance Coverage/ utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insurance, Health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0094-5145 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18473152</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine trends in the lack of health insurance coverage among working-age US adults and to identify populations without coverage. The BRFSS data from 1993 to 2006 were analyzed. SUDAAN software was used to generate estimates of prevalence and corresponding standard errors, and logistic regression techniques were used to examine trends in the data. An estimated 18.59% of working adults (aged 18-64 years) did not have health insurance coverage in 2006. Trend in uninsurance remained somewhat stable from 1993 to 2000 (OR=1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02); however, it changed more rapidly from 2001 to 2006 (OR=1.03; 1.02-1.03). Similar patterns were observed from 2001 to 2006 for those &lt;35 years of age, employed, Hispanics and those with less than or high school education. Effective approaches to reducing uninsurance and the consequences related to lack of coverage are needed in the face of increasing health disparities in the United States.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahluwalia, Indu B&#xD;Bolen, Julie&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of community health&#xD;J Community Health. 2008 Oct;33(5):293-6.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1007/s10900-008-9106-8 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>492</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">492</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aiello, A. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coulborn, R. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larson, E. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology &amp; Population Health, University of Michigan-School of Public Health, 3659 SPH Tower, 109 Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. aielloa@umich.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1372-81</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/06/17</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Disease Control/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Diseases/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Acquired Infections/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Databases, Bibliographic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gastrointestinal Diseases/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Handwashing/ methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intervention Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory Tract Infections/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin Care/ methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surface-Active Agents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-0048 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18556606</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To quantify the effect of hand-hygiene interventions on rates of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses and to identify interventions that provide the greatest efficacy, we searched 4 electronic databases for hand-hygiene trials published from January 1960 through May 2007 and conducted meta-analyses to generate pooled rate ratios across interventions (N=30 studies). Improvements in hand hygiene resulted in reductions in gastrointestinal illness of 31% (95% confidence intervals [CI]=19%, 42%) and reductions in respiratory illness of 21% (95% CI=5%, 34%). The most beneficial intervention was hand-hygiene education with use of nonantibacterial soap. Use of antibacterial soap showed little added benefit compared with use of nonantibacterial soap. Hand hygiene is clearly effective against gastrointestinal and, to a lesser extent, respiratory infections. Studies examining hygiene practices during respiratory illness and interventions targeting aerosol transmission are needed.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aiello, Allison E&#xD;Coulborn, Rebecca M&#xD;Perez, Vanessa&#xD;Larson, Elaine L&#xD;Meta-Analysis&#xD;United States&#xD;American journal of public health&#xD;Am J Public Health. 2008 Aug;98(8):1372-81. Epub 2008 Jun 12.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AJPH.2007.124610 [pii]&#xD;10.2105/AJPH.2007.124610 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Unpublished Work">34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Aikin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Hutchinson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Strumpf</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decentralization and public provision of public goods: the public health sector in Uganda</style></title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapel Hill, NC</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</style></publisher><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>482</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">482</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aldis, W.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi 110002, India. aldisw@post.harvard.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health security as a public health concept: a critical analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy Plan</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">369-75</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/08/12</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Cooperation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrorism/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0268-1080 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18689437</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There is growing acceptance of the concept of health security. However, there are various and incompatible definitions, incomplete elaboration of the concept of health security in public health operational terms, and insufficient reconciliation of the health security concept with community-based primary health care. More important, there are major differences in understanding and use of the concept in different settings. Policymakers in industrialized countries emphasize protection of their populations especially against external threats, for example terrorism and pandemics; while health workers and policymakers in developing countries and within the United Nations system understand the term in a broader public health context. Indeed, the concept is used inconsistently within the UN agencies themselves, for example the World Health Organization&apos;s restrictive use of the term &apos;global health security&apos;. Divergent understandings of &apos;health security&apos; by WHO&apos;s member states, coupled with fears of hidden national security agendas, are leading to a breakdown of mechanisms for global cooperation such as the International Health Regulations. Some developing countries are beginning to doubt that internationally shared health surveillance data is used in their best interests. Resolution of these incompatible understandings is a global priority.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aldis, William&#xD;Review&#xD;England&#xD;Health policy and planning&#xD;Health Policy Plan. 2008 Nov;23(6):369-75. Epub 2008 Aug 8.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">czn030 [pii]&#xD;10.1093/heapol/czn030 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegria, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research, Cambridge Health Alliance, Massachusetts, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of public policies in reducing mental health status disparities for people of color</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-64</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003/10/01</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Special/economics/legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Needs and Demand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Housing/economics/legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Income Tax/legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Disorders/economics/ ethnology/therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health Services/economics/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minority Groups/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poverty</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Conditions</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sociology, Medical</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0278-2715 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14515881</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnic and racial disparities in mental health are driven by social factors such as housing, education, and income. Many of these social factors are different for minorities than they are for whites. Policies that address gaps in these social factors therefore can address mental health status disparities. We analyze three policies and their impact on minorities: the Individuals with Disability Education Act, Section 8 housing vouchers, and the Earned Income Tax Credit. Two of the three policies appear to have been effective in reducing social inequalities between whites and minorities. Expansion of public policies can be the mechanism to eliminate mental health status disparities for minorities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegria, Margarita&#xD;Perez, Debra Joy&#xD;Williams, Sandra&#xD;P01H510803/United States PHS&#xD;P01MH59876/MH/United States NIMH&#xD;Comparative Study&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2003 Sep-Oct;22(5):51-64.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>476</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">476</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alejos, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weingartner, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scharff, D. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ablah, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frazier, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hawley, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">St Romain, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orr, S. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, K. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shawnee County Health Agency, Topeka, Kansas, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ensuring the success of local public health workforce assessments: using a participatory-based research approach with a rural population</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1447-55</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/08/30</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Based Participatory Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Collection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kansas</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilot Projects</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ manpower/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural Health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural Population</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3506 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18752816</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: To investigate a process for comprehensive rural public health workforce data collection, and apply this process to a competency and training needs assessment of local health department (LHD) workers in the state of Kansas, USA. STUDY DESIGN: Participatory research methods were used to determine an appropriate process for data collection. Survey instruments included the Council on Linkages public health core competencies and Columbia University public health emergency preparedness competencies. METHODS: LHD workers collaborated with the state health department to develop and pre-test training for LHD directors about the nature and purpose of the survey, as well as instructions for distributing it to their staff members. The final survey instrument included demographics, a workforce competency assessment, and an assessment of training interests, motivators and barriers. Surveys were stratified by occupational type, with employees in professional roles asked to report on additional competencies. RESULTS: All 1501 Kansas LHD employees received the needs assessment survey, and 1141 (76%) were returned. Respondents reported greater mean &apos;importance to job&apos; than ability across competency domains, indicating potential training needs. Across occupational types, primary training motivators were increased competency and personal satisfaction. Barriers included lack of time, cost and family commitments. CONCLUSIONS: Using participatory research methods, the state of Kansas was able to achieve a high response rate from LHD workers. This process can serve as a model for other rural communities and organizations with limited resources. In addition, the survey results provide information about competency-oriented knowledge and training gaps of sectors of the local public health workforce, which can be used to develop training in a targeted fashion.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alejos, A&#xD;Weingartner, A&#xD;Scharff, D P&#xD;Ablah, E&#xD;Frazier, L&#xD;Hawley, S R&#xD;St Romain, T&#xD;Orr, S A&#xD;Wright, K S&#xD;U90/CCU724244/PHS HHS/United States&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;England&#xD;Public health&#xD;Public Health. 2008 Dec;122(12):1447-55. Epub 2008 Aug 26.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S0033-3506(08)00182-0 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.puhe.2008.06.008 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>412</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">412</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander, L. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dail, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horney, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, M. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallace, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maillard, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacDonald, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA. Lorraine_Alexander@unc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Partnering to meet training needs: a communicable-disease continuing education course for public health nurses in North Carolina</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-43</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 Suppl 2</style></volume><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Disease Control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Continuing</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Distance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Nursing/ education</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18770918</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In 2004, the General Communicable Disease Control Branch of the North Carolina Division of Public Health and the North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness partnered to create a free continuing education course in communicable-disease surveillance and outbreak investigations for public health nurses. The course was a competency-based curriculum with 14 weeks of Internet-based instruction, culminating in a two-day classroom-based skills demonstration. In spring 2006, the course became mandatory for all public health nurses who spend at least three-fourths of their time on tasks related to communicable diseases. As of December 2006, 177 nurses specializing in communicable diseases from 74 North Carolina counties had completed the course. Evaluations indicated that participants showed statistically significant improvements in self-perceived confidence to perform competencies addressed by the course. This course has become a successful model that combines academic expertise in curriculum development and teaching technologies with practical expertise in course content and audience needs. Through a combination of Internet and classroom instruction, this course has delivered competency-based training to the public health professionals who perform as frontline epidemiologists throughout North Carolina.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure, Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>556</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">556</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altman, D. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, NC 27438-6300, USA. altmand@leaders.ccl.org</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Challenges in sustaining public health interventions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Educ Behav</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-8; discussion 29-30</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/02/25</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Promotion/methods/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary Prevention/methods/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Evaluation/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School Health Services/ organization &amp; administration/standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1090-1981 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19238698</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability remains a key challenge in public health. The perspective article by Fagen and Flay adds to our understanding of technical factors associated with sustaining health interventions in schools. In this commentary, the Fagen and Flay article (2009) is considered within the broader literature on sustainability. By taking a broad view, public health theory and practice might be advanced further. Fagen and Flay illustrate that we have much to learn about sustainability. Questions for future research include: (a) what can we put into place at the systems level to ensure that the short-term efficacy of interventions have a fighting chance to be sustained? (b) considering the challenges inherent in sustainability, what are realistic goals against which to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions found effective in the short-term? and (c) what theories, methods, and strategies in fields outside of public health can be drawn upon to improve work in public health?</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altman, David G&#xD;Comment&#xD;United States&#xD;Health education &amp; behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education&#xD;Health Educ Behav. 2009 Feb;36(1):24-8; discussion 29-30.</style></notes><urls></urls><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brownson, R. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fullilove, M. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teutsch, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novick, L. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fielding, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land, G. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence-based public health policy and practice: promises and limits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Preventive Medicine</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">226-30</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 Suppl</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision-Making,-Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence-Based-Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Policy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preventive-Health-Services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advisory-Committees</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Health-Services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Planning-Guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program-Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0749-3797</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15894157</style></accession-num><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Review</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, D. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, DP, NATL PUBL HLTH &amp; HOSP INST,WASHINGTON,DC.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The public sector in health care: Evolution or dissolution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Affairs</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-140</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0278-2715</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:A1997XL82600014</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: XL826&#xD;Times Cited: 10&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 19&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     1992, NEBRASKA PUBLIC HLTH, P2056&#xD;     *CAL C LOC HLTH OF, 1993, US SCEN AN CREAT VIS&#xD;     *HLTH CAR POL TASK, 1997, HIST OV&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT HLH, 1993, COR PUBL HLTH FUNCT&#xD;     *NAT PUBL HLTH HOS, 1995, URB SOC HLTH&#xD;     *PUBL HLTH FDN, 1995, PUBL HLTH MACR, V7&#xD;     ANDRULIS DP, 1996, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V86, P162&#xD;     ANDRULIS DP, 1996, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V276, P946&#xD;     CORNWELL EE, 1996, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V276, P940&#xD;     GINSBURG PB, 1996, HLTH AFFAIRS SUM, P7&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P113&#xD;     HAWKINS D, IN PRESS CHALLENGES&#xD;     HENDERSON T, 1996, HEALTH CARE FINANC R, V17, P135&#xD;     KIVLAHAN C, 1995, STATE HLTH WATCH DEC, P5&#xD;     KUTTNER R, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P362&#xD;     LIPSON DJ, 1996, HLTH AFFAIRS SUM, P62&#xD;     MADDEN C, 1995, COMMUNITY BENEFITS N&#xD;     PETASNICK W, 1996, PUBLIC TEACHING HOSP&#xD;     SHOWSTACK J, 1996, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V276, P1071</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://A1997XL82600014</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, D. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med &amp; Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.&#xD;Andrulis, DP, SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med &amp; Community Hlth, 450 Clarkson Ave,POB 1240, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community, service, and policy strategies to improve health care access in the changing urban environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Public Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Public Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">858-862</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIRTH OUTCOMES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGED CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDICAL-CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INSURANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSICIANS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CALIFORNIA</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">QUALITY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CANCER</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AREA</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RACE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0090-0036</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000087335800007</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban communities continue to face formidable historic challenges to improving public health. However, reinvestment initiatives, changing demographics, and growth in urban areas are creating changes that offer new opportunities for improving health while requiring that health systems be adapted to residents&apos; health needs. This commentary suggests that health care improvement in metropolitan areas will require setting local, state, and national agendas around 3 priorities. First, health care must reorient around powerful population dynamics, in particular, cultural diversity, growing numbers of elderly, those in welfare-workplace transition, and those unable to negotiate an increasingly complex health system. Second, communities and governments must assess the consequences of health professional shortages, safety net provider closures and conversions, and new marketplace pressures in terms of their effects on access to care for vulnerable urban populations; they must also weigh the potential value of emerging models for improving those populations&apos; care. Finally, governments at all levels should use their influence through accreditation, standards, tobacco settlements, and other financing streams to educate and guide urban providers in directions that respond to urban communities&apos; health care needs.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 319HQ&#xD;Times Cited: 8&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 35&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     1997, MMWR MORB MORTAL WKL, V46, P861&#xD;     1999, NY TIMES 0727, B1&#xD;     1999, NY TIMES 1124, A1&#xD;     *KAIS COMM MED UN, 1998, UN AM CHART BOOK&#xD;     ANDERSON RJ, 1998, J URBAN HEALTH, V75, P367&#xD;     ANDRULIS D, 1999, SOCIAL HLTH LANDSCAP&#xD;     ANDRULIS D, 2000, PUBLIC PRIVATE COMMU&#xD;     ANDRULIS DP, 1998, ANN INTERN MED, V129, P412&#xD;     ANESHENSEL C, 1996, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V36, P293&#xD;     BACH PB, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P1198&#xD;     BALDWIN LM, 1998, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V88, P1623&#xD;     BALL JK, 1996, MED CARE, V34, P970&#xD;     BILLINGS J, 1996, HEALTH AFFAIR, V15, P239&#xD;     BINDMAN AB, 1998, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V279, P675&#xD;     BRAVEMAN P, 1989, NEW ENGL J MED, V321, P508&#xD;     COYE M, 1993, HLTH CARE UNDERSERVE, P33&#xD;     COYE M, 1998, MEDICAID MANAGED CAR&#xD;     COYLE YM, 1999, INT J QUAL HEALTH C, V11, P5&#xD;     CUNNINGHAM WE, 1998, MED CARE, V36, P295&#xD;     FRANKS P, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P737&#xD;     HADLEY J, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V265, P374&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V112, P22&#xD;     HUROWITZ JC, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V329, P130&#xD;     KEANE CR, 1999, PEDIATRICS, V104, P1051&#xD;     LILLIEBLANTON ML, 1999, ACCESS HLTH CARE, P19&#xD;     MCMANUS M, 1996, MANAGED CARE Q, V4, P19&#xD;     MORLEY G, 1997, FUNCTIONAL HLTH LIT&#xD;     MURRAY S, 2000, WALL STREET J 0308, B6&#xD;     NORTHRIDGE ME, 1999, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V89, P998&#xD;     PINCUS T, 1998, ANN INTERN MED, V129, P406&#xD;     RASK KJ, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P1931&#xD;     RAY NF, 1998, CHEST, V113, P1277&#xD;     REICHMAN NE, 1996, J HEALTH ECON, V15, P455&#xD;     SAYER B, 1993, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V83, P1583&#xD;     SCHULMAN KA, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V340, P618</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000087335800007</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arah, O. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westert, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delnoij, D. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klazinga, N. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Social Med, NL-1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Netherlands Inst Hlth Sci, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth &amp; Environm RIVM, Ctr Prevent &amp; Hlth Serv Res, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Tilburg Univ, Fac Social &amp; Behav Sci, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. Netherlands Inst Hlth Serv Res Nivel, NL-3500 BN Utrecht, Netherlands.&#xD;Arah, OA, Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Social Med, POB 22700, NL-1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands.&#xD;o.a.arah@amc.uva.nl gert.westert@rivm.nl d.delnoij@nivel.nl n.s.klazinga@amc.uva.nl</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health system outcomes and determinants amenable to public health in industrialized countries: a pooled, cross-sectional time series analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bmc Public Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Public Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAJOR RISK-FACTORS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LIFE EXPECTANCY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OECD COUNTRIES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDICAL-CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCOME INEQUALITY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POPULATION HEALTH</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNITED-STATES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MORTALITY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRENDS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERFORMANCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2458</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000231230900001</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: Few studies have tried to assess the combined cross-sectional and temporal contributions of a more comprehensive set of amenable factors to population health outcomes for wealthy countries during the last 30 years of the 20th century. We assessed the overall ecological associations between mortality and factors amenable to public health. These amenable factors included addictive and nutritional lifestyle, air quality, public health spending, healthcare coverage, and immunizations. Methods: We used a pooled cross-sectional, time series analysis with corrected fixed effects regression models in an ecological design involving eighteen member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development during the period 1970 to 1999. Results: Alcohol, tobacco, and fat consumption, and sometimes, air pollution were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality and premature death. Immunizations, health care coverage, fruit/vegetable and protein consumption, and collective health expenditure had negative effects on mortality and premature death, even after controlling for the elderly, density of practicing physicians, doctor visits and per capita GDP. However, tobacco, air pollution, and fruit/ vegetable intake were sometimes sensitive to adjustments. Conclusion: Mortality and premature deaths could be improved by focusing on factors that are amenable to public health policies. Tackling these issues should be reflected in the ongoing assessments of health system performance.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 955MV&#xD;Times Cited: 2&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 63&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     2001, AM J PUBLIC HLTH, V91, P501&#xD;     *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, NAT PUBL HLTH PERF S&#xD;     *MIN HLTH WELF SPO, 2004, LIV LONG GOOD HLTH Q&#xD;     *ORG EC COOP DEV, 2003, HLTH DAT 2003&#xD;     *ORG EC COOP DEV, 2004, ANN NAT ACC OECD MEM&#xD;     *PAN AM HLTH ORG, 2000, ESS PUBL HLTH FUNCT&#xD;     *US DEP HHS, 2000, HLTH PEOPL 2010&#xD;     *WHO, 2000, WORLD HLTH REP 2000&#xD;     *WHO, 2002, WORLD HLTH REP 2002&#xD;     *WORLD BANK, 2002, PUBL HLTH BANK OP&#xD;     ACHESON D, 1988, CMND289&#xD;     ANDERSON G, 2001, HEALTH AFFAIR, V20, P219&#xD;     ANDERSON GF, 1999, HEALTH AFFAIR, V18, P178&#xD;     ANDERSON GF, 2000, HEALTH AFFAIR, V19, P150&#xD;     ARAH OA, 2003, INT J QUAL HEALTH C, V15, P377, DOI 10.1093/intqhc/mzg049&#xD;     ARAH OA, 2004, LANCET, V363, P1551&#xD;     ARAH OA, 2004, QUAL SAF HEALTH CARE, V13, P226, DOI&#xD;     10.1136/qshc.2003.007070&#xD;     ASHENFELTER O, 2003, STAT ECEONOMETRICS M&#xD;     AWOFESO N, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P705&#xD;     BEAGLEHOLE R, 2003, GLOBAL PUBLIC HLTH N&#xD;     BUNKER JP, 1994, BRIT MED J, V309, P1657&#xD;     BUNKER JP, 2001, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V30, P1260&#xD;     CARRHILL RA, 1987, LANCET, V1, P789&#xD;     EVANS RG, 1990, SOC SCI MED, V31, P1347&#xD;     EVANS RG, 2003, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V93, P371&#xD;     EZZATI M, 2002, LANCET, V360, P1347&#xD;     EZZATI M, 2003, LANCET, V362, P271&#xD;     FISCHER F, 2003, REFRAMING PUBLIC POL&#xD;     HAMLIN C, 2002, OXFORD TXB PUBLIC HL, P21&#xD;     HAYES AF, 2003, HETEROSCEDASTICITY C&#xD;     HOLLINGSWORTH JR, 1990, STATE INTERVENTION M&#xD;     ILLICH I, 1976, MED NEMESIS&#xD;     JAMROZIK K, 2002, OXFORD TXB PUBLIC HL, P213&#xD;     KENNELLY B, 2003, SOC SCI MED, V56, P2367&#xD;     KINDIG D, 2003, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V93, P380&#xD;     LONG JS, 2000, AM STAT, V54, P217&#xD;     MACINKO J, 2003, HEALTH SERV RES, V38, P831&#xD;     MACKENBACH JP, 1988, SOC SCI MED, V27, P889&#xD;     MACKENBACH JP, 1991, HEALTH POLICY, V19, P245&#xD;     MACKENBACH JP, 1996, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V49, P1207&#xD;     MACKINNON JG, 1985, J ECONOMETRICS, V29, P53&#xD;     MATHERS CD, 2004, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V4, ARTN 66&#xD;     MAYS GP, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P193&#xD;     MCDOWELL I, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P388&#xD;     MCKEOWN T, 1976, ROLE MED DREAM MIRAG&#xD;     MCKINLAY JB, 1977, MILBANK MEM FUND Q, V55, P405&#xD;     MCKINLAY JB, 1989, INT J HEALTH SERV, V19, P181&#xD;     NOLTE E, 2003, BRIT MED J, V327, P1129&#xD;     NOLTE E, 2004, DOES HEALTHCARE SAVE&#xD;     OR Z, 2000, DETERMINANTS HLTH IN&#xD;     OR Z, 2001, EXPLORING EFFECTS HL&#xD;     PAMUK ER, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P378&#xD;     REINHARDT UE, 2002, HEALTH AFFAIR, V21, P169&#xD;     RETZLAFFROBERTS D, 2004, HEALTH POLICY, V69, P55, DOI&#xD;     10.1016/j.healthpol.2003.12.002&#xD;     SAYRS LW, 1989, POOLED TIME SERIES A&#xD;     SCHWARTZ S, 1994, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V84, P819&#xD;     SHI LY, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1246&#xD;     SHI LY, 2003, J AM BOARD FAM PRACT, V16, P412&#xD;     SUSSER M, 1994, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V84, P825&#xD;     SUSSER M, 1994, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V84, P830&#xD;     TENASBROEK AH, 2004, INT J QUAL HLTH C S1, V16, P65&#xD;     VANOERS JAM, 2002, HLTH COURSE 2002 DUT&#xD;     WHITE H, 1980, ECONOMETRICA, V48, P817</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000231230900001</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81&#xD;Artn 81</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>20</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">20</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Generic">13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnold, Sharon B. Washington D. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(202) 292-6700&#xD;sharon.arnold@academyhealth.org</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building an evidence base for public health systems research</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Institutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delivery of Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Evidence-Based Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Health Services Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/*methods/trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Public Health Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AcademyHealth</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Foundation&apos;s Public Health Systems Research program was designed to help establish the field of public health systems research as a needed resource that will enable governmental health agencies to improve their performance. Under this grant, activities include: (1) seeking stakeholder involvement in identifying research priorities by convening practitioners and others to review public health systems research agendas, identify gaps and commonalities among these agendas, and set priorities for the Public Health Systems Research (PHSR) program; (2) conducting a national summit to bring together PHSR funders from both the public and private sectors to encourage dialogue about the evidence needs of the public health system, and to match research priorities with funding agencies to avoid duplication and maximize available funding; (3) increasing awareness of PHSR among regional, state and conversion foundations by partnering with Grantmakers in Health to increase resources devoted to PHSR at the regional, state and local levels; (4) hosting congressional briefings to highlight the importance of PHSR and its potential for bolstering the nation&apos;s public health system and improving public health practice; and (5) providing administrative support for grantmaking to insure that grant resources are targeted and that grant findings are disseminated to their target policy audience.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF)&#xD;58271</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.academyhealth.org/</style></url><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.rwjf.org/index.jsp</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asch, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoto, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendes, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valdez, R. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallagher, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halverson, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lurie, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAND Health, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA. steven_asch@rand.org</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A review of instruments assessing public health preparedness</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">532-42</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/10/18</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioterrorism</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality Indicators, Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16224986</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review instruments that assess the level of preparedness of state and local public health departments to respond to health threats such as bioterrorism. METHODS: The authors examined 27 published population-based instruments for planning or evaluating preparedness that were mostly unavailable in the peer-reviewed literature. Using the Essential Public Health Services framework, the instruments were evaluated for (1) clarity of measurement parameters, (2) balance between structural and process measures, (3) evidence of effectiveness, and (4) specification of an accountable entity. RESULTS: There was a great deal of overlap but little consistency in what constitutes &quot;preparedness&quot; or how it should be measured. Most instruments relied excessively on subjective or structural measures, lacked scientific evidence for measures assessed, and failed to clearly define what entity was accountable for accomplishing the task or function. CONCLUSION: Strategies for improvement include measure standardization, better interagency communication, and investment in public health practice research to develop the underlying evidence base required for developing quality measures and assessments.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asch, Steven M&#xD;Stoto, Michael&#xD;Mendes, Marc&#xD;Valdez, R Burciaga&#xD;Gallagher, Meghan E&#xD;Halverson, Paul&#xD;Lurie, Nicole&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, Non-P.H.S.&#xD;Review&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2005 Sep-Oct;120(5):532-42.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>22</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">22</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schultz, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. gavery@ purdue.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regulation, financial incentives, and the production of quality</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Med Qual</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">265-73</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/07/28</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Government Regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insurance, Health, Reimbursement/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Economic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality Assurance, Health Care/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Health Care/ economics/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1062-8606 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17656731</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An economic model for the production of health care quality is presented, encompassing financial and altruistic returns, penalties and rewards, and transaction costs. After maximizing returns from quality and service volume, the role of regulatory policies and pay-for-performance proposals in producing quality is examined. The tension between the production of quantity and quality is demonstrated. Specifically, the model shows that increasing the costs of a quality improvement program reduces program effectiveness, sanctions for low quality will not improve the performance of high-quality providers, noncompliance with regulation can be a rational decision, and some pay-for-performance programs will not improve quality for low-quality providers. The model suggests incentive structures to improve quality for all providers. This model has application to a variety of social regulatory programs of importance in public health and health care, including health care quality (ie, regulation of nursing homes or medical laboratories) and environmental and food safety regulation.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, George&#xD;Schultz, Jennifer&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality&#xD;Am J Med Qual. 2007 Jul-Aug;22(4):265-73.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22/4/265 [pii]&#xD;10.1177/1062860607300564 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">23</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, G. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wholey, D. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christianson, J. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Duluth 55812, USA. aver0042@umn.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physician evaluations of care management practices in Medicaid programs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Manag Care</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">156-64</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/03/25</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Collection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managed Care Programs</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicaid</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physician&apos;s Practice Patterns</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicians</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1088-0224 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15786854</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in care management practices for Medicaid beneficiaries in predominantly commercial and predominantly Medicaid health plans. STUDY DESIGN: Physicians in the networks of 8 managed care plans participating in Medicaid programs were surveyed regarding the availability and usefulness of care management practices and the overall quality of care management. The responses of physicians in plans serving predominantly Medicaid enrollees were contrasted with the responses of physicians in predominantly commercial plans who cared for Medicaid enrollees. METHODS: Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios relating to the availability of care management practices. Multiple regression techniques were used to construct comparisons of adjusted means relating to the usefulness of practices and the overall quality of care management. RESULTS: Physicians in predominantly commercial plans reported greater availability of care management practices. No patterns of differences were noted in ratings of the usefulness of practices if available. Physicians in predominantly commercial plans rated the quality of care management higher than physicians in predominantly Medicaid plans. However, there remains room for substantial improvement for commercial and other Medicaid contracting plans. CONCLUSIONS: Commercial plans add value to Medicaid programs, and efforts to discourage their withdrawal from participation are justified. However, physician evaluations support the potential for better care management in all types of contracting plans.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, George H&#xD;Wholey, Douglas R&#xD;Christianson, Jon B&#xD;Comparative Study&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;The American journal of managed care&#xD;Am J Manag Care. 2005 Mar;11(3):156-64.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2817 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axnick, N. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schiffer, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survey of city/county public health agencies to determine the development, use, and effect of program performance standards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">692-4</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Systems-Agencies-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Priorities</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Systems-Agencies-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0090-0036</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3706598</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For over 80 per cent of a national sample of local health agencies in the United States, minimum program standards are specified by the state, by law, regulation, or some other policy method. The performance standards that are used are a mix of state and local standards, with one-third of the agencies reporting that the Model Standards were used in developing their own standards.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baird, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlson, K. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Public Health Performance Standards assessment: first steps in strengthening North Dakota&apos;s public health system</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">422-7</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficiency,-Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North-Dakota</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program-Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16103817</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Dakota, as a rural state with a decentralized public health system, has found the National Public Health Performance Standards Program useful in assessing performance of the state&apos;s public health system. The local instrument was used for local public health systems and on Native American reservations. A description of the process as well as aggregated results of the local performance assessment is presented. An importance ranking scale was combined with the performance scores to identify priority areas. Priority needs were specifically identified for developing community health profiles, working more closely with community partnerships, and increasing emphasis on health education activities. The process was a good opportunity for bringing partners together in local public health systems and for developing interest in using the more complete strategic planning tools in Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L., Jr.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Address the current workforce</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1744-5</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006/11/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employee Performance Appraisal</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inservice Training</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/education/ manpower</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/education/ manpower</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1544-5208 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17102201</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L Jr&#xD;Comment&#xD;Letter&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2006 Nov-Dec;25(6):1744-5.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25/6/1744-a [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blumenstock, J. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, R. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moulton, A. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building the legal foundation for an effective public health system</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Law Med Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48-51</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3 Suppl</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003/01/02</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Services/economics/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision Making, Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Needs and Demand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nebraska</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Jersey</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/economics/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/economics/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Health Plans/economics/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Texas</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Dept. of Health and Human Services</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fall</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1073-1105 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12508502</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Work has been underway nationally since the mid-1990s to equip state and community public health systems with the infrastructure needed to perform essential public health services. Key components of that infrastructure are a competent workforce, information and communication systems, health department and laboratory capacity, and legal authorities. As part of this transformative work, standards and assessment tools have been developed to measure the capacity and actual performance of public health systems. In addition, a number of states have examined the legal foundation for public health services and have revised and updated those authorities to improve their system&apos;s capacity in the context of evolving health challenges. Among those states are Nebraska, New Jersey, and Texas, all of which, beginning in 1999, have adopted dynamic new approaches to aligning public health&apos;s legal authorities with new missions and expectations for performance and accountability. This article describes the approaches that these three states have taken to strengthen their legal foundation for public health practice, to illuminate the perspectives legislators and health officials bring to the process, and to give decision makers in other states practical insight into the potential benefits of reviewing and restructuring public health&apos;s legal authorities. The underlying stimuli for the states&apos; initiatives differed significantly, yet shared an important, common core. What they held in common was concern that outdated elements of the public health system and infrastructure hindrered delivery of essential public health services at the community level. Where they differed was in the type of tools they found most suitable for the job of rejuvenating those structures. The approaches taken, and the policy tools selected, reflect the unique health needs of each state, establish relationships among state and community health authorities and agencies, and provide guidance by elected and appointed policy makers. Each state continues to refine its approach as it gains experience with the new authorities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L&#xD;Blumenstock, James S&#xD;Jensen, Jim&#xD;Morris, Ralph D&#xD;Moulton, Anthony D&#xD;United States&#xD;The Journal of law, medicine &amp; ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics&#xD;J Law Med Ethics. 2002 Fall;30(3 Suppl):48-51.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L., Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, C. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassmiller, S. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabol, B. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stokes, C. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina Institute for Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, CB 8165, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. elbaker@email.unc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creating the Management Academy for Public Health: relationships are primary</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">426-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006/08/17</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federal Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foundations/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ education/manpower</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools, Public Health/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Health Resources and Services Administration/organization &amp;</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">administration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16912603</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">True collaboration among large federal agencies is rare, as is that among large and influential national foundations. The collaboration between two major government health agencies (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Health Resources and Services Administration) and three major health foundations (the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the CDC Foundation) to create the Management Academy for Public Health is unprecedented in public health over the past quarter century. We attribute this success to the unique combination of a strong foundation of relationships between the partners and a commitment to generative dialogue throughout the design and implementation of the program. The success and sustainability of the Academy derive directly from these critical success factors, serving as an exemplary model for future collaborative endeavors.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L Jr&#xD;Fox, Claude Earl&#xD;Hassmiller, Susan B&#xD;Sabol, Barbara J&#xD;Stokes, C Charles&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2006 Sep-Oct;12(5):426-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200609000-00004 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friede, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moulton, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross, D. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CDC&apos;s Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO): a framework for integrated public health information and practice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-7</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995/12/04</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Communication Networks</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Reform</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10186591</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To strengthen the public health infrastructure, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO). CDC INPHO has three goals: (1) to make communication among public health practitioners throughout the United States easy, (2) to make information accessible, and (3) to make secure data exchange as swift and smooth as contemporary technology will allow. Based on a systems approach to supporting the core functions of public health, CDC INPHO achieves its goals by creating a flexible and user-responsive infrastructure of open communications and information exchange.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E L&#xD;Friede, A&#xD;Moulton, A D&#xD;Ross, D A&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United states&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 1995 Winter;1(1):43-7.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L., Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koplan, J. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strengthening the nation&apos;s public health infrastructure: historic challenge, unprecedented opportunity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-27</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002/11/22</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/ organization &amp; administration/trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Public Health Professional</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Policy Making</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/standards/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Informatics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality Indicators, Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0278-2715 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12442836</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The nation&apos;s attention has been focused on the vital need for a strong public health infrastructure to protect community health. In this paper we provide an overview of progress during the past decade and point to immediate challenges and opportunities that resulted from recent events. Further, we highlight the need for continued vigilance and broad partnership development if we are to maintain public support for public health. Finally, we point to the need for better language, compelling case reports, and quantitative capacity assessment to guide policymakers and program leaders and to ensure long-term support.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L Jr&#xD;Koplan, Jeffrey P&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2002 Nov-Dec;21(6):15-27.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melton, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stange, P. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fields, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koplan, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guerra, F. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satcher, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health reform and the health of the public. Forging community health partnerships</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1276-82</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">272</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994/10/26</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Institutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Reform</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Change</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct 26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0098-7484 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7772104</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E L&#xD;Melton, R J&#xD;Stange, P V&#xD;Fields, M L&#xD;Koplan, J P&#xD;Guerra, F A&#xD;Satcher, D&#xD;United states&#xD;JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association&#xD;JAMA. 1994 Oct 26;272(16):1276-82.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porter, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The health alert network: partnerships, politics, and preparedness</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">574-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/10/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Politics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Informatics/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16224296</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L&#xD;Porter, Janet&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2005 Nov-Dec;11(6):574-6.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200511000-00017 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porter, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practicing management and leadership: creating the information network for public health officials</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">469-73</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/08/17</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Services/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16103826</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Management Moment&quot; is a regular column within the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. Janet Porter, PhD, and Edward Baker, MD, MPH, MSc, are serving as The Management Moment Editors. Dr Porter is Associate Dean for Executive Education, The North Carolina Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Dr Baker is Director of The North Carolina Institute for Public Health, School of Public Health, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This column provides commentary and guidance on timely management issues commonly encountered in public health practice.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L&#xD;Porter, Janet&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2005 Sep-Oct;11(5):469-73.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200509000-00018 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potter, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, D. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mercer, S. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cioffi, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green, L. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halverson, P. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lichtveld, M. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleming, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599-8165, USA. elbaker@email.unc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The public health infrastructure and our nation&apos;s health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annu Rev Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">303-18</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/03/12</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Disease/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Disease Control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Diseases/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Financing, Government/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Reform/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Priorities/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Status</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute of Medicine (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needs Assessment/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/education/methods/standards/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/education/methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Informatics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrorism/prevention &amp; control/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Quality Management/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Public Health Service/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0163-7525 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15760291</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Threats to Americans&apos; health-including chronic disease, emerging infectious disease, and bioterrorism-are present and growing, and the public health system is responsible for addressing these challenges. Public health systems in the United States are built on an infrastructure of workforce, information systems, and organizational capacity; in each of these areas, however, serious deficits have been well documented. Here we draw on two 2003 Institute of Medicine reports and present evidence for current threats and the weakness of our public health infrastructure. We describe major initiatives to systematically assess, invest in, rebuild, and evaluate workforce competency, information systems, and organizational capacity through public policy making, practical initiatives, and practice-oriented research. These initiatives are based on applied science and a shared federal-state approach to public accountability. We conclude that a newly strengthened public health infrastructure must be sustained in the future through a balancing of the values inherent in the federal system.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L&#xD;Potter, Margaret A&#xD;Jones, Deborah L&#xD;Mercer, Shawna L&#xD;Cioffi, Joan P&#xD;Green, Lawrence W&#xD;Halverson, Paul K&#xD;Lichtveld, Maureen Y&#xD;Fleming, David W&#xD;Review&#xD;United States&#xD;Annual review of public health&#xD;Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:303-18.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144647 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L., Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information and surveillance systems and community health: building the public health information infrastructure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58-60</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997/03/03</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preventive Health Services/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fall</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10186699</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The scope and purpose of public health injury and disease surveillance systems will expand in response to the increasing information needs of communities and health organizations. Public health leaders must focus on the entire information infrastructure. Surveillance and information systems need to evolve to include targeting and evaluating community-wide prevention programs. Standards governing exchange as well as data content will become central to these new systems and the emerging health information infrastructure. Future surveillance systems will face challenges in forming partnerships with managed care organizations, in developing new information tools, and in training the public health workforce.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E L Jr&#xD;Ross, D&#xD;United states&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 1996 Fall;2(4):58-60.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L., Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stevens, R. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina Institute for Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, USA. elbaker@email.unc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linking agency accreditation to workforce credentialing: a few steps along a difficult path</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">430-1</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/06/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Credentialing/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employee Incentive Plans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17563635</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L Jr&#xD;Stevens, Rachel H&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2007 Jul-Aug;13(4):430-1.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1097/01.PHH.0000278040.84636.23 [doi]&#xD;00124784-200707000-00019 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">White, L. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lichtveld, M. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-36, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. elb1@cdc.gov</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing health disparities through community-based research</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002/08/28</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diffusion of Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence-Based Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Status Indicators</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12196610</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, E L&#xD;White, L E&#xD;Lichtveld, M Y&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2001 Nov-Dec;116(6):517-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Generic">13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, Edward L. Public Health North Carolina Institute for Public Health Health Policy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Administration, Roberson Place C. B. Chapel Hill N. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(919) 966-1069&#xD;ed_baker@unc.edu&#xD;(919) 966-4032</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilot study of public health workforce competency, agency capacity and performance</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Clinical Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Employee Performance Appraisal/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilot Projects</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/*manpower</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systems Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Health Policy and Administration</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New accreditation approaches for local public health agencies and the creation of workforce development standards and training for local public health workers have been established to improve the effective delivery of the ten essential public health services. This project seeks to answer the central question: In what ways does workforce competency contribute to agency capacity and performance? The project will compare data from an accreditation process of local health departments in North Carolina and data from a statewide assessment of the local public health workforce in North Carolina to measure the correlation between delivery of public health services on the organizational level with individual performance of the basic services provided by health departments of public health. The project will provide important information about the quality of public health and address a key public health systems research question.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF)&#xD;56915</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sph.unc.edu/nciph/</style></url><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.rwjf.org/index.jsp</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakes Martin, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corso, L. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landrum, L. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fisher, V. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halverson, P. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing national performance standards for local public health systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">418-21</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficiency,-Organizational-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16103816</style></accession-num><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakes-Martin, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corso, L. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landrum, L. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fisher, V. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halverson, P. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Paso Cty Dept Hlth &amp; Environm, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. Ctr Dis Control &amp; Prevent, Performance Stand Branch, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control &amp; Prevent, Natl Publ Hlth Performance Stand Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy &amp; Management, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.&#xD;Bakes-Martin, R, El Paso Cty Dept Hlth &amp; Environm, 301 S Union, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA.&#xD;rosemarybakes-martin@epchealth.org</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing national performance standards for local public health systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Public Health Management and Practice</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Public Health Manag. Pract.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">418-421</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essential Public Health Services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health practice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORE FUNCTIONS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDITY</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000231227800009</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the beginning of the 1990s, public health has struggled to measure its performance and capacity to carry out the core functions of public health practice, while facing increasing challenges within the ever-changing landscape of healthcare delivery, bioterrorism response, emerging infections, and other threats to the public&apos;s health. The article describes the development of a set of national performance standards for measuring how effectively public health systems deliver the 10 Essential Public Health Services. The standards were developed through a practice-driven approach that incorporated comprehensive field testing and iterative revisions. The standards represent a national consensus framework for measuring important aspects of public health practice.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 955LQ&#xD;Times Cited: 3&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 22&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2002, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V117, P28&#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2003, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V118, P508&#xD;     DYAL WW, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P6&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1996, J HLTH HUM SERV ADM, V18, P288&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P113&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P29&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1996, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V17, P460&#xD;     KEENER SR, 1997, QUAL MANAGE HLTH CAR, V5, P27&#xD;     MAYS GP, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAG, V4, P63&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1993, J PUBLIC HLTH POLICY, V14, P34&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1994, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V84, P1743&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P659&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P24&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1995, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V1, P63&#xD;     RICHARDS TB, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P36&#xD;     RICHARDS TB, 1995, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V1, P70&#xD;     SCUTCHFIELD FD, 2000, REPORT FLORIDA SITE&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P478&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P653&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1995, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V1, P50&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1997, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V18, P261&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1998, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V4, P26</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000231227800009</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>517</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">517</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldwin, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hollow, W. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casey, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hart, L. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larson, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moore, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrilla, C. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grossman, D. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-4982, USA. lmb@fammed.washington.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Access to specialty health care for rural American Indians in two states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Rural Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">269-78</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/07/23</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indians, North American</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montana</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Mexico</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural Population</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specialties, Medical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1748-0361 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18643804</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTEXT: The Indian Health Service (IHS), whose per capita expenditure for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health services is about half that of the US civilian population, is the only source of health care funding for many rural AI/ANs. Specialty services, largely funded through contracts with outside practitioners, may be limited by low IHS funding levels. PURPOSE: To examine specialty service access among rural Indian populations in two states. METHODS: A 31-item mail survey addressing perceived access to specialty physicians, barriers to access, and access to non-physician clinical services was sent to 106 primary care providers in rural Indian health clinics in Montana and New Mexico (overall response rate 60.4%) and 95 primary care providers in rural non-Indian clinics within 25 miles of the Indian clinics (overall response rate 57.9%). FINDINGS: Substantial proportions of rural Indian clinic providers in both states reported fair or poor non-emergent specialty service access for their patients. Montana&apos;s rural Indian clinic providers reported poorer patient access to specialty care than rural non-Indian clinic providers, while New Mexico&apos;s rural Indian and non-Indian providers reported comparable access. Indian clinic providers in both states most frequently cited financial barriers to specialty care. Indian clinic providers reported better access to most non-physician services than non-Indian clinic providers. CONCLUSIONS: Reported limitations in specialty care access for rural Indian clinic patients appear to be influenced by financial constraints. Health care systems factors may play a role in perceived differences in specialty access between rural Indian and non-Indian clinic patients.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldwin, Laura-Mae&#xD;Hollow, Walter B&#xD;Casey, Susan&#xD;Hart, L Gary&#xD;Larson, Eric H&#xD;Moore, Kelly&#xD;Lewis, Ervin&#xD;Andrilla, C Holly A&#xD;Grossman, David C&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association&#xD;J Rural Health. 2008 Summer;24(3):269-78.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRH168 [pii]&#xD;10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00168.x [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banks, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cogdill, K. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selden, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cahn, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementary competencies: public health and health sciences librarianship</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">338-47</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Institutional-Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Librarians-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Libraries,-Medical-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Library-Services-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional-Competence-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision-Making,-Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models,-Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational-Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff-Development-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1536-5050</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16059423</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to identify opportunities for partnership between the communities of public health workers and health sciences librarians. METHODS: The authors review competencies in public health and health sciences librarianship. They highlight previously identified public health informatics competencies and the Medical Library Association&apos;s essential areas of knowledge. Based on points of correspondence between the two domains, the authors identify specific opportunities for partnership. RESULTS: The points of correspondence between public health and health sciences librarianship are reflected in several past projects involving both communities. These previous collaborations and the services provided by health sciences librarians at many public health organizations suggest that some health sciences librarians may be considered full members of the public health workforce. Opportunities remain for productive collaboration between public health workers and health sciences librarians. CONCLUSIONS: Drawing on historical and contemporary experience, this paper presents an initial framework for forming collaborations between health sciences librarians and members of the public health workforce. This framework may stimulate thinking about how to form additional partnerships between members of these two communities.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Review</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barr, D. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanford Univ, Dept Sociol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.&#xD;Barr, DA, Stanford Univ, Dept Sociol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.&#xD;barr@stanford.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A research protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of public - Private partnerships as a means to improve health and welfare systems worldwide</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Public Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Public Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-25</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0090-0036</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000243310600006</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-private partnerships have become a common approach to health care problems worldwide. Many public-private partnerships were created during the late 1990s, but most were focused on specific diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Recently there has been enthusiasm for using public-private partnerships to improve the delivery of health and welfare services for a wider range of health problems, especially in developing countries. The success of public-private partnerships in this context appears to be mixed, and few data are available to evaluate their effectiveness. This analysis provides an overview of the history of health-related public-private partnerships during the past 20 years and describes a research protocol commissioned by the World Health Organization to evaluate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in a research context.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 0&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 26&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *B M GAT FDN, B M GAT FDN AW 1 MIL&#xD;     *IN PUBL PRIV PART, PARTN DAT&#xD;     *WHO, PUBL PRIV PARTN HLTH&#xD;     *WHO, 2002, HLTH WELF SYST DEV 2&#xD;     AHN M, 2000, MANAGED CARE Q, V8, P65&#xD;     BIRN AE, 1999, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V20, P81&#xD;     BUSE K, 2000, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V78, P549&#xD;     BUSE K, 2000, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V78, P699&#xD;     BUSE K, 2001, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V79, P748&#xD;     CAINES K, 2003, IMPACT PUBLIC PRIVAT&#xD;     COLLINS K, 2004, PERSPECT BIOL MED, V47, P100&#xD;     CSILLAG C, 1995, LANCET, V345, P1168&#xD;     CSILLAG C, 2001, LANCET, V358, P47&#xD;     FRENK J, 1993, HEALTH POLICY PLANN, V8, P315&#xD;     HSIAO WC, 1994, HEALTH ECON, V3, P351&#xD;     MURASKIN W, 1996, SOC SCI MED, V42, P1721&#xD;     NEWELL JN, 2004, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V82, P92&#xD;     NISHTAR S, 2004, HLTH RES POLICY SYST, V2, P5&#xD;     RAMIAH I, 2005, HEALTH AFFAIR, V24, P545, DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.545&#xD;     REICH MR, 2000, NAT MED, V6, P617&#xD;     RIDLEY RG, 2001, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V79, P694&#xD;     RIDLEY RG, 2003, EMBO REP, V4, S43, DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.embor858&#xD;     SCHWARTZ JB, 2004, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V82, P661&#xD;     SEN A, 1999, DEV FREEDOM, P39&#xD;     SMITH R, 2000, BRIT MED J, V320, P952&#xD;     WIDDUS R, 2001, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V79, P713&#xD;Barr, Donald A.</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000243310600006</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barron, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glad, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vukotich, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of the National Public Health Performance Standards to evaluate change in capacity to carry out the 10 essential services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of environmental health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-31</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-0892</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17802813</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nationally, environmental public health programs have been struggling to find ways to measure their capacity to carry out the 10 essential public health services. The ability to make this kind of measurement is crucial to showing the benefits of local, state, and federal funding of environmental public health programs, It is also crucial to the continuation of this funding. One local health department in Pennsylvania, the Allegheny County Health Department, implemented use of the National Public Health Performance Standards as a mechanism for measuring current performance in carrying out the 10 essential services as well as to set a benchmark for improving capacity in areas of environmental health practice. By using these standards as a tool for assessing current performance, the health department was able to focus on strengthening areas in which little or no capacity was reported. This process made it possible to set priorities and allocate resources to improve the delivery of environmental health services. The tool was re-used two years later to measure the impact this capacity-building activity had on improving the ability of the environmental health program to carry out the 10 essential services.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article chronicled the efforts of the Allegheny, PA, health department to use the NPHPSP to take an initial measurement of capacity to carry out the 10 EPHS, and use the results to point areas odf environmental health services that were in need of performance improvement.  Priority setting and resource allocation was done to reflect the results of the NPHPSP assessment.  A second assessment of the NPHPSP was given two years later, and Improvements were seen, particularly in those areas identified as areas of concern by the first assessment.       </style></research-notes><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>44</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">44</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barry, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How can performance standards enhance accountability for public health?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78-84</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National-Health-Programs-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Practice-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Assurance,-Health-Care-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Status</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social-Responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11067664</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article focuses on how a national system of measuring public health performance can help enhance accountability for public health. It describes the trend toward increased accountability in public health; provides an overview of the issues and challenges public health practitioners face in demonstrating how the resources they spend and programs they operate contribute to improved community health status and suggests how the results of participating in the National Public Health Performance Standards Program can help.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Research Support, Non U.S. Gov&apos;t; Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barry, M. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring public health performance: a call to action</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">v</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Research-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Assurance,-Health-Care-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11067654</style></accession-num><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>408</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">408</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barton, G. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sach, T. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jenkinson, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avery, A. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doherty, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muir, K. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. g.barton@uea.ac.uk</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do estimates of cost-utility based on the EQ-5D differ from those based on the mapping of utility scores?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Qual Life Outcomes</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costs and Cost Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exercise Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linear Models</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ontario</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osteoarthritis/physiopathology/ therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient Education as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive Value of Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychometrics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Adjusted Life Years</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1477-7525 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18625052</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Mapping has been used to convert scores from condition-specific measures into utility scores, and to produce estimates of cost-effectiveness. We sought to compare the QALY gains, and incremental cost per QALY estimates, predicted on the basis of mapping to those based on actual EQ-5D scores. METHODS: In order to compare 4 different interventions 389 individuals were asked to complete both the EQ-5D and the Western Ontartio and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months post-intervention. Using baseline data various mapping models were developed, where WOMAC scores were used to predict the EQ-5D scores. The performance of these models was tested by predicting the EQ-5D post-intervention scores. The preferred model (that with the lowest mean absolute error (MAE)) was used to predict the EQ-5D scores, at all time points, for individuals who had complete WOMAC and EQ-5D data. The mean QALY gain associated with each intervention was calculated, using both actual and predicted EQ-5D scores. These QALY gains, along with previously estimated changes in cost, were also used to estimate the actual and predicted incremental cost per QALY associated with each of the four interventions. RESULTS: The EQ-5D and the WOMAC were completed at baseline by 348 individuals, and at all time points by 259 individuals. The MAE in the preferred model was 0.129, and the mean QALY gains for each of the four interventions was predicted to be 0.006, 0.058, 0.058, and 0.136 respectively, compared to the actual mean QALY gains of 0.087, 0.081, 0.120, and 0.149. The most effective intervention was estimated to be associated with an incremental cost per QALY of pound6,068, according to our preferred model, compared to pound13,154 when actual data was used. CONCLUSION: We found that actual QALY gains, and incremental cost per QALY estimates, differed from those predicted on the basis of mapping. This suggests that though mapping may be of value in predicting the cost-effectiveness of interventions which have not been evaluated using a utility measure, future studies should be encouraged to include a method of actual utility measurement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN93206785.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data, Methods </style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>46</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">46</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barton, M. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schoenbaum, S. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvard Community Health Plan, Brookline, MA 02146.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Improving influenza vaccination performance in an HMO setting: the use of computer-generated reminders and peer comparison feedback</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">534-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990/05/01</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appointments and Schedules</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuity of Patient Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes Complications</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation Studies as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Maintenance Organizations/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza, Human/complications/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medical Records</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peer Review</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0090-0036 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2327527</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We evaluated a program for improving influenza immunization performance in a health maintenance organization (HMO). The HMO implemented several interventions successively from 1984-87: a postcard reminder to members at high risk for complications of influenza, a computer-generated reminder to the physician at the time of any primary care visit by high-risk patients, performance feedback to chiefs of service, and, finally, retrospective feedback to each physician comparing his/her performance with that of the other physicians. We examined immunization rates for a group of members older than age 65, a high-risk group under age 65, and a group of diabetic members who had not been subject to the reminders (vs a group who had been covered by the program). Vaccination rates were increased in those diabetic members who received reminders. Nevertheless, among members younger and older than age 65 whose experience was observed over three flu seasons, a significant increase in vaccination rates was not achieved until physician feedback was added to the program. We conclude that each element of the reminder and feedback program has contributed to the overall increase in vaccination rates at the HMO and that effective ongoing influenza immunization programs can be implemented in practice settings with appropriate systems support.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barton, M B&#xD;Schoenbaum, S C&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United states&#xD;American journal of public health&#xD;Am J Public Health. 1990 May;80(5):534-6.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>371</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">371</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baseman, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marsden-Haug, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holt, V. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stergachis, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldoft, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gale, J. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jbaseman@u.washington.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology competency development and application to training for local and regional public health practitioners</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-52</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 Suppl 1</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/24</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competency-Based Education/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Distance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational Measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Northwestern United States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18497018</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In 2002, the Northwest Center for Public Health Practice (NWCPHP) at the University of Washington initiated the Epidemiology Competencies Project, with the goal of developing competency-based epidemiology training for non-epidemiologist public health practitioners in the northwestern United States. An advisory committee consisting of epidemiology faculty and experienced public health practitioners developed the epidemiology competencies. NWCPHP used the competencies to guide the development of in-person trainings, a series of online epidemiology modules, and a Web-based repository of epidemiology teaching materials. The epidemiology competencies provided a framework for collaborative work between NWCPHP and local and regional public health partners to develop trainings that best met the needs of a particular public health organization. Evaluation surveys indicated a high level of satisfaction with the online epidemiology modules developed from the epidemiology competencies. However, measuring the effectiveness of competency-based epidemiology training for expanding epidemiology knowledge and skills of the public health workforce remains a challenge.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baseman, Janet G&#xD;Marsden-Haug, Nicola&#xD;Holt, Victoria L&#xD;Stergachis, Andy&#xD;Goldoft, Marcia&#xD;Gale, James L&#xD;U90/CCU024247/CC/United States CDC&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2008;123 Suppl 1:44-52.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>390</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">390</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassett, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glandon, R. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influencing design, promoting health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">244-54</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/04/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">City Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demography</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Promotion/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michigan/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor Activity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550-5022 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18408549</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article provides details of the goals and accomplishments of the Land Use and Health Resource Team composed of public health officials, planners, researchers, extension agents, advocacy organizations, and the development community. The team seeks to understand local land use and health relationships, increase community engagement, and facilitate positive change in policies and the built environment. The team&apos;s action plan is (1) research local land use and health relationships; (2) undertake public education and community mobilization; (3) identify interventions, seek funding, and pilot tools to integrate health and planning; and (4) monitor outcomes. In 2005, the team produced a report presenting a picture of local conditions related to health and the built environment. Findings were unveiled at a stakeholder conference, and local best practices and future actions were discussed. A geographic information system-based health impacts tool for use by planners in site plan review was developed. Funding was obtained to facilitate neighborhood organizations to complete self-assessments and develop interventions related to community environments, physical activity, and healthy eating. The team achieved initial goals of creating partnerships and spurring awareness. Future activities include wider field testing of the health impacts tool, participation in a health-oriented master planning process, and monitoring change in health risk behaviors related to changes in the built environment.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassett, Ellen M&#xD;Glandon, Robert Paul&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008 May-Jun;14(3):244-54.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1097/01.PHH.0000316483.65135.a1 [doi]&#xD;00124784-200805000-00008 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>510</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">510</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bastida, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, H. S., 3rd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pagan, J. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Sociology, University of Texas-Pan American, Center on Aging and Health, Edinburg. bastida@hsc.unt.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent disparities in the use of health care along the US-Mexico border: an ecological perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1987-95</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/19</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Cultural Comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Costs</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services/economics/standards/ utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Status Disparities</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Healthcare Disparities</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insurance Coverage/classification/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Logistic Models</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medically Uninsured/ethnology/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicare</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mexican Americans/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mexico</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Private Practice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Texas</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-0048 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18799782</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: We examined disparities in health care use among US-Mexico border residents, with a focus on the unique binational environment of the region, to determine factors that may influence health care use in Mexico. METHODS: Data were from 2 waves of a population-based study of 1048 Latino residents of selected Texas border counties. Logistic regression models examined predictors of health insurance coverage. Results from these models were used to examine regional patterns of health care use. RESULTS: Of the respondents younger than 65 years, 60% reported no health insurance coverage. The uninsured were 7 and 3 times more likely in waves 3 and 4, respectively, to use medical care in Mexico than were the insured. Preference for medical care in Mexico was an important predictor. CONCLUSIONS: For those who were chronically ill, old, poor, or burdened by the lengthy processing of their documents by immigration authorities, the United States provided the only source of health care. For some, Mexico may lessen the burden at the individual level, but it does not lessen the aggregate burden of providing highly priced care to the region&apos;s neediest. Health disparities will continue unless policies are enacted to expand health care accessibility in the region.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bastida, Elena&#xD;Brown, H Shelton 3rd&#xD;Pagan, Jose A&#xD;2R24MD001779-04/MD/NCMHD NIH HHS/United States&#xD;NIGMS78BT498W/BT/FDA HHS/United States&#xD;Comparative Study&#xD;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural&#xD;United States&#xD;American journal of public health&#xD;Am J Public Health. 2008 Nov;98(11):1987-95. Epub 2008 Sep 17.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AJPH.2007.114447 [pii]&#xD;10.2105/AJPH.2007.114447 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>47</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">47</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baum, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gollust, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goold, S. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobson, P. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Health Management and Policy at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Looking ahead: addressing ethical challenges in public health practice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Law Med Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">657-67, 513</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/12/14</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioethics/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision Making</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ethics/trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource Allocation/ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Justice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1073-1105 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18076516</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical challenges in public health can have a significant impact on the health of communities if they impede efficiencies and best practices. Competing needs for resources and a plurality of values can challenge public health policymakers and practitioners to make fair and effective decisions for their communities. In this paper, the authors offer an analytic framework designed to assist policymakers and practitioners in managing the ethical tensions they face in daily practice. Their framework is built upon the following set of six considerations: determining population-level utility of the proposed action; demonstrating evidence of need and effectiveness of actions; establishing fairness of goals and proposed implementation strategies; ensuring accountability; and, assessing expected efficiencies and costs associated with the proposed action. Together, these considerations create a structured guide to assist decision-makers in identifying potential ethical challenges and in assessing the moral considerations that underlie public health practice - and possibly even, if the conditions are met, reduce the creation of ethical tension. Although the authors&apos;empirical experiences provide the basis for the framework advanced here, their approach remains to be tested and evaluated by public health practitioners.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baum, Nancy M&#xD;Gollust, Sarah E&#xD;Goold, Susan D&#xD;Jacobson, Peter D&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Review&#xD;United States&#xD;The Journal of law, medicine &amp; ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics&#xD;J Law Med Ethics. 2007 Winter;35(4):657-67, 513.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JLME188 [pii]&#xD;10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00188.x [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>48</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">48</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bazzoli, G. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosp Res &amp; Educ Trust, Res, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Serv Res &amp; Policy Studies, Evanston, IL USA.&#xD;Bazzoli, GJ, Hosp Res &amp; Educ Trust, Res, 1 N Franklin St, Chicago, IL 60606 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-private collaboration in health and human service delivery: Evidence from community partnerships</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbank Quarterly</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbank Q.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">533-+</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEMS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTEGRATION</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LESSONS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0887-378X</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000070993900005</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The collaboration among public-private partnerships that applied to the Community Care Network (CCN) demonstration program of the Hospital Research and Educational Trust is examined. These partnerships link broad-based community coalitions with health and human service Providers in efforts to improve community health and local service delivery. Although they willingly collaborated identifying community health needs, coordinating services, and reporting to the community, partnership participants showed less alacrity in joining forces to reduce redundancy and increase efficiency. Such patterns suggest that organizations might best profit from working together on activities that maintain existing power relations and that have the potential to add prestige and attract new clients. Collaboration in these areas may be essential to building a foundation of trust that leads to future cooperation in more sensitive areas.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: YL798&#xD;Times Cited: 35&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 39&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *CTR STUD HLTH SYS, 1996, TRACK CHANG PUBL HLT&#xD;     *HLTH RES SERV ADM, 1995, MOD WORK 1995 COMP I&#xD;     ALDRICH H, 1979, ORG ENV&#xD;     ALEXANDER JA, 1997, GOVT PUBLIC PRIVATE&#xD;     ALTER C, 1993, ORG WORKING TOGETHER&#xD;     BAZZOLI GJ, IN PRESS SOCIAL SCI&#xD;     BAZZOLI GJ, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V273, P395&#xD;     BOGUE RJ, 1997, HLTH NETWORK INNOVAT&#xD;     BOLLAND JM, 1994, HEALTH SERV RES, V29, P341&#xD;     BROWN LD, 1990, HEALTH AFFAIR, V9, P5&#xD;     BURNS LR, 1995, HLTH CARE MANAGEMENT&#xD;     BYLES JA, 1985, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V9, P549&#xD;     CHRISTIANSON JB, 1995, PARTNERS DANCE FORMI&#xD;     CONRAD DA, 1993, HOSP HEALTH SERV ADM, V38, P491&#xD;     DILL A, 1994, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V35, P349&#xD;     DOWLING WL, 1995, PARTNERS DANCE FORMI&#xD;     GILLIES RR, 1993, HOSP HEALTH SERV ADM, V38, P467&#xD;     GOLDMAN HH, 1992, HEALTH AFFAIR, V11, P51&#xD;     GRUSKY O, 1985, AM BEHAV SCI, V28, P685&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P113&#xD;     HOCHSTADT NJ, 1985, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V9, P365&#xD;     KALUZNY AD, 1986, AGING PUBLIC HLTH&#xD;     KALUZNY AD, 1992, HOSP HEALTH SERV ADM, V37, P477&#xD;     KIMBERLY JR, 1983, HLTH CARE MANAGEMENT, P291&#xD;     KINGDON JW, 1984, AGENDAS ALTERNATIVES&#xD;     MILLS TM, 1967, SOCIOLOGY SMALL GROU&#xD;     MORRISEY J, 1991, NAT I MENTAL HLTH PU&#xD;     NIELSEN RP, 1986, PLANNING REV, V14, P16&#xD;     OLSON M, 1976, LOGIC COLLECTIVE ACT&#xD;     PERRUCCI R, 1970, AM SOCIOL REV, V35, P1040&#xD;     PFEFFER J, 1978, EXTERNAL CONTROL ORG&#xD;     SHORTELL SM, 1990, INNOVATIONS HLTH CAR, P144&#xD;     SHORTELL SM, 1993, HOSP HEALTH SERV ADM, V38, P447&#xD;     SOFAER S, 1992, COALITIONS PUBLIC HL&#xD;     SOFAER S, 1996, MED CARE REV, V48, P371&#xD;     STOTO MA, 1996, HLTH COMMUNITIES NEW&#xD;     WEINER BJ, IN PRESS HLTH CARE M&#xD;     WHOLEY D, 1995, J HEALTH ECON, V14, P81&#xD;     ZAJAC EJ, 1994, HLTH CARE MANAGEMENT, P274</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000070993900005</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaglehole, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Setting national health goals and targets in the context of a fiscal crisis: the politics of social choice in New Zealand</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of health services planning, administration, evaluation</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417-28</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Policy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Priorities-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Politics-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-Medicine-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cost-Control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Planning-Guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New-Zealand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational-Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Policy-Making</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social-Values</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-Medicine-economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-Medicine-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0020-7314</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1644506</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The setting of national health goals and targets in New Zealand has taken place in the context of fiscal crisis. The mandate for State intervention for social goals has also been under a sustained ideological challenge. These circumstances, together with other developments within the New Zealand health service, prepared the way for the development of the first set of health goals and targets. Six criteria were used to identify health problems for which goals and targets could be set. Ten areas were included, and specific, timed and quantified targets were set in each area for the year 2000 with shorter term targets for 1995. The Minister of Health gave priority to three areas: tobacco control, secondary prevention of cervical cancer, and reduction of road accident injury and death. An important aspect of the program is that the goals and targets are to be the focus of the annual contract between the Minister of Health (the primary funder of health care) and the Area Health Boards (the primary providers of health care). A matrix of policy options is presented for resource allocation and public health. The case study described represents one solution to the set of policy choices presented by fiscal and ideological challenge; the &quot;new managerialism&quot; has been allied with the &quot;new public health.&quot; The authors argue that a combination of ideological renewal and fiscal probity has preserved a vigorous role for the State in health and health care. This matrix of policy options also underlines the necessity to consider health outcomes, as well as organizational goals, in the evaluation of the performance of health systems.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>50</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">50</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bearinger, L. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resnick, M. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, Ctr Adolescent Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Ctr Adolescent Hlth &amp; Dev, Natl Teen Pregnancy Prevent Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.&#xD;Bearinger, LH, Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, Ctr Adolescent Nursing, 308 Harvard St SE,6-101 WDH, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dual method use in adolescents: A review and framework for research on use of STD and pregnancy protection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Adolescent Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Adolesc. Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">340-349</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">contraception</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dual methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prevention</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sexually</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transmitted diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEER CLUSTER THEORY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONDOM USE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTIVE ADOLESCENTS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFRICAN-AMERICANS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LITERATURE UPDATE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TEENAGE MOTHERS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RISK BEHAVIORS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC-HEALTH</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1054-139X</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000182632100006</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 674HV&#xD;Times Cited: 9&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 84&#xD;Cited References: &#xD; 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    VENTURA SJ, 2001, TRENDS PREGNANCY RAT, V49&#xD;     VENTURA SJ, 2002, NATL VITAL STATISTIC, V50&#xD;     WEISMAN CS, 1991, FAM PLANN PERSPECT, V23, P71&#xD;     WOODSONG C, 1999, SOC SCI MED, V49, P567&#xD;     ZIMMERMAN RS, 1995, J ADOLESCENT RES, V10, P383</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000182632100006</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>51</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">51</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaulieu, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scutchfield, F. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Kentucky, Ctr Hlth Serv Management &amp; Res, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Sch Publ Hlth, Lexington, KY USA.&#xD;Beaulieu, J, UK Ctr Hlth Serv Management &amp; Res, 109 CAHP Bldg,121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of validity of the National Public Health Performance Standards: The local public health performance assessment instrument</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Reports</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-36</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORE FUNCTIONS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000178751200005</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The National Public Health Performance Standards Program (NPHPSP) has developed performance standards measurement instruments, based on the 10 &quot;Essential Services of Public Health&quot; that are being tested in several states. This article is a report on the face and content validity of the instrument designed for local public health systems. Judgments about the face validity of the standards were obtained in a survey of local public health systems that had used the instrument in a test state. The validity of each standard was addressed along the following dimensions: the importance of the standard as a measure of the Essential Service; its completeness as a measure; and its reasonableness for achievement. All standards for each Essential Service were then judged in terms of their completeness in measuring performance of that service. Respondents judged the standards to be highly valid measures of local public health system performance. Some respondents had reservations about whether standards related to &quot;enforcing laws and regulations&quot; were achievable. Holding local public health systems accountable for the activities of other agencies was a factor mentioned in conjunction with those standards. The NPHPSP standards have face and content validity for measuring local public health system performance. Further testing of their validity and reliability is continuing.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 10&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 19&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *I MED, 1988, FUT PUBL HLTH&#xD;     *US CDC, NAT PUBL HLTH PERF S&#xD;     *US CDCP, NAT PUBL HLTH PERF S&#xD;     BAKER EL, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1276&#xD;     HANDLER A, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1235&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1996, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V17, P460&#xD;     JAMES A, ESSENTIAL SERVICES P&#xD;     MAYS GP, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAG, V4, P63&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1993, J PUBLIC HLTH POLICY, V14, P34&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1994, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V84, P1743&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P659&#xD;     ROPER WL, 1992, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V107, P609&#xD;     SCUTCHFIELD FD, 1997, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V18, P13&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P478&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P653&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1997, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V18, P261&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1998, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V4, P26&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V4, R6&#xD;     ZELLER RA, 1980, MEASUREMENT SOCIAL S</style></notes><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000178751200005</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>52</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">52</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaulieu, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scutchfield, F. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelly, A. V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Content and criterion validity evaluation of National Public Health Performance Standards measurement instruments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public health reports Washington, D C 1974</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">508-17</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program-Evaluation-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Indicators,-Health-Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Evaluation-Programs-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude-of-Health-Personnel</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Health-Services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documentation-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feedback-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Status</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional-Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational-Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program-Evaluation-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires-</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproducibility-of-Results</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Evaluation-Programs-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff-Development</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14563908</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&apos;s National Public Health Performance Standards Program (NPHPSP) has developed instruments to measure the performance of local and state public health departments on the 10 &quot;Essential Services of Public Health,&quot; which have been tested in several states. This article is a report of the evaluation of the content and criterion validity of the local public health performance assessment instrument, and the content validity of the state public health performance assessment instrument. METHODS: Health department performance is measured using a set of indicators developed for the 10 Essential Services of Public Health and a model standard for each indicator. Content validity of each model standard in the local instrument was addressed by community partners along the following dimensions: the importance of each standard as a measure of the associated Essential Service, its completeness as a measure, and its reasonableness for achievement. All standards for each Essential Service were then judged in terms of their completeness in measuring performance in that service. Content validity of the state instrument was evaluated in a group interview of health department staff members from three states. Criterion validity of the local instrument was assessed for a sample of eight public health departments in Florida and six in New York by examining documentary evidence for selected responses. Criterion validity was also evaluated for a sample of Florida local public health departments and one Hawaii public health department by comparing state health department staffs&apos; judgments of performance against the instrument score. RESULTS: Criterion validity was upheld for a summary performance score on the local instrument, but was not upheld for performance judgments on individual Essential Services. The NPHPSP standards based on the Essential Services have validity for measuring local public health system performance, according to community partners. The model standards are valid measures of state performance, according to state public health departments in three states. CONCLUSIONS: Within the scope of the validity evaluations completed, the NPHPSP state and local performance assessment instruments were found to be valid measures of public health performance.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Validation Studies</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaulieu, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scutchfield, F. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelly, A. V.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Health Services Management and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recommendations from testing of the National Public Health Performance Standards instruments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188-98</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003/05/16</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Research/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Management Audit</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12747315</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The National Public Health performance Standards Program (NPHPSP) has developed assessment instruments based on the ten essential public health services (EPHS) for state and local health departments. The article reviews validity testing of the state and local instruments. The study employed multiple approaches to validity testing with state and local health departments in Florida, Hawaii, Minnesota, Mississippi, and New York. The New York State validity checks included the judgments of community partners. The study found that the EPHS have content and face validity as a basis for measuring public health system performance. The article includes recommendations for continued development of the NPHPS.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beaulieu, Joyce E&#xD;Scutchfield, F Douglas&#xD;Kelly, Ann V&#xD;TS-289/United States PHS&#xD;TS01-0608/United States PHS&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;Validation Studies&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2003 May-Jun;9(3):188-98.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>442</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">442</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckett, A. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scutchfield, F. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pfeifle, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingram, R. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The forgotten instrument: analysis of the national public health performance standards program governance instrument</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E17-22</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Collection/ instrumentation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation Studies as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550-5022 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18552639</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study examines the use of, and results from, the National Public Health Performance Standards Program Local Governance Instrument. It includes a compilation and analysis of 173 local governance instruments completed by local boards of health from 2003 to 2006. Only 24 of the 173 scored instruments are used because of exclusion of data from New Jersey. The study compares results from the instruments based upon demographic data reported by the local boards of health, and data on performance compiled by the National Public Health Performance Standards Program Local Public Health System Instrument. Local boards of health perform well on Essential Public Health Services #6 (78.85%), #2 (71.41%), and #7 (70.75%). Performance is far from optimal on Essential Public Health Services #10 (45.42%) and #9 (41.30%). Comparing groups based on demographic data yielded deviations too large and power too low to form any significant conclusions about local boards of health performance. It is important to note that individuals with varying levels of knowledge may have completed the governance instruments, and this may affect the results of any comparison between individual boards of health. Local boards of health need encouragement from national and state associations of local boards of health to complete the local governance instrument. This would allow local boards of health to use these data to compare performance with other boards around the nation. Identification of weak performing areas may lead to changes to improve service to the community. This instrument could also prove a useful tool in health department accreditation.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Strucuture, Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data, Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brooks, R. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigg, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menachemi, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Div Hlth Affairs, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Off Planning Evaluat &amp; Data Anal, Tallahassee, FL USA.&#xD;Beitsch, LM, Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Div Hlth Affairs, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.&#xD;leslie.beitsch@med.fsu.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and functions of state public health agencies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Journal of Public Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Public Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-172</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LOCAL HEALTH</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORE FUNCTIONS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEPARTMENTS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERFORMANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STANDARDS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0090-0036</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000234314000029</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Objectives. We assessed the structure and functions of state health departments throughout the United States and compared our findings with those from a previous national assessment conducted in 1990. Methods. In 2001, we sent a survey to the state health officers of all 50 states. The survey asked about the structure and functions of the state health agency. Results. The survey was completed by state health officers from 47 states (a 94% response rate). More than half of the states responding had a freestanding state public health agency and a state board or council of health. Forty-four percent had a regional or district structure. Although some traditional public health functions have been curtailed, important new public health functions have emerged since 1990. Conclusions. Our current findings confirm core changes in the structure and functions of state public health systems over the past decade and emphasize the need for more research into these systems to maximize their organizational performance.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 998JG&#xD;Times Cited: 3&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 26&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *CDC PUBL HLTH PRA, 1991, PROF STAT TERR PUBL&#xD;     *CDCP, 2001, PUBL HLTH INFR STAT&#xD;     *I MED, 1988, FUT PUBL HLTH&#xD;     *I MED, 2003, FUT PUBL HLTH 21 CEN&#xD;     *PUBL HLTH FDN, 2002, TURN POINT PERF MAN&#xD;     *US BUR CENS, US CENS BUR REG&#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2002, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V117, P28&#xD;     BEITSCH LM, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V6, P31&#xD;     DEFRIESE GH, 1981, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V71, P1109&#xD;     DEROSE SF, 2003, AM J PREV MED, V25, P347, DOI&#xD;     10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00208-3&#xD;     DUNCAN WJ, 1994, ADMIN SOC, V26, P11&#xD;     FORD EW, 2003, J HLTH HUM SERV ADM, V25, P407&#xD;     FORD EW, 2003, MED CARE RES REV, V60, P31, DOI 10.1177/107755870250231&#xD;     FORD EW, 2005, PUBLIC HEALTH, V119, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.03.002&#xD;     GINTER PM, 1992, PUBLIC HEALTH, V106, P253&#xD;     HANDLER A, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1235&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P29&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1996, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V17, P460&#xD;     LOVELACE K, 2000, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V115, P350&#xD;     MAYS GP, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAG, V4, P63&#xD;     MAYS GR, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P1019&#xD;     PICKETT GE, 1981, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V71, P84&#xD;     PRATT M, 1996, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V111, P87&#xD;     RICHARDS TB, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P36&#xD;     WEILER P, 1982, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V72, P1230&#xD;     ZAHNER SJ, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P25</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000234314000029</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>55</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">55</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brooks, R. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menachemi, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Libbey, P. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Medicine and Public Health, Florida State University (FSU) College of Medicine, Tallahassee, USA. les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public health at center stage: new roles, old props</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">911-22</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006/07/13</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Disease Control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision Making, Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forecasting</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Needs and Demand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Role</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/manpower/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Health Plans/trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1544-5208 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16835169</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The public health system represents a wide variety of actors playing key roles in the ongoing script to improve the quality and quantity of life for the U.S. population. The specific parts that public health is being asked to play and the resources available to support its infrastructure for prevention and response to infectious diseases, chronic medical conditions, and disasters are discussed here in light of new national survey data from state and local jurisdictions. Although the public health system has both traditional and newly defined roles to play, resources, as measured by per capita spending and workforce availability, have not kept pace.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, Leslie M&#xD;Brooks, Robert G&#xD;Menachemi, Nir&#xD;Libbey, Patrick M&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2006 Jul-Aug;25(4):911-22.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25/4/911 [pii]&#xD;10.1377/hlthaff.25.4.911 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigg, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menachemi, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brooks, R. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Div Hlth Affairs, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Off Planning Evaluat &amp; Data Anal, Tallahassee, FL USA.&#xD;Beitsch, LM, Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Div Hlth Affairs, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.&#xD;les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roles of local public health agencies within the state public health system</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Public Health Management and Practice</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Public Health Manag. Pract.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232-241</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">boards of health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">essential services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">local public health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health functions</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health infrastructure</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structure</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health system</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">state public health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">terrorism</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CORE FUNCTIONS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEPARTMENTS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERFORMANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPLEMENTATION</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STANDARDS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000237100500003</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Objectives: In this study we assessed the structure and function of local and district health agencies throughout the United States. We compared these findings with those from a previous national assessment done a decade earlier. Methods: We surveyed the state health officers of all 50 states in the summer of 2001 in regard to the structures and functions of their state&apos;s local and district health agencies. Results: Forty-seven states completed the survey for a 94 percent response rate. Forty-three percent have a regional or district structure in place. According to more than 80 percent of the respondents, local health departments serve all areas of their state. Local boards of health provide guidance and oversight in two thirds of the states. Most local health departments continue to perform a variety of traditional public health functions, as well as a variety of newly emerging responsibilities. Many local functions varied by geographic regions, population size, and organizational type. Conclusions: The study identified structural and functional changes in the local and district health agencies of state public health systems over the last decade. The stage is set for future work on the relationship between public health structure and function, and performance in the 21 st century.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 036UF&#xD;Times Cited: 2&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 34&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *CDCP, 2001, PUBL HLTH INFR STAT&#xD;     *CDCP, 2004, PUBL HLTH PRACT PROG&#xD;     *I MED, 1988, FUT PUBL HLTH&#xD;     *I MED, 2001, CROSS QUAL CHASM NEW&#xD;     *I MED, 2003, FUT PUBL HLTH 21 CEN&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT HLT, 1990, NAT PROF LOC HLTH DE&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNTR CI, 1998, 1997 PROF US LOC HLT&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNTR CI, 2001, LOC PUBL HLTH AG INF&#xD;     *US CENS BUR, 2004, US CENS BUR REG&#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2002, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V117, P28&#xD;     BEITSCH L, 2005, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V96, P167&#xD;     BEITSCH LM, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V6, P31&#xD;     DEROSE SF, 2002, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V23, P1&#xD;     DEROSE SF, 2003, AM J PREV MED, V25, P347, DOI&#xD;     10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00208-3&#xD;     DONABEDIAN A, 1980, EXPLORATIONS QUALITY, V1&#xD;     DUNCAN WJ, 1994, ADMIN SOC, V26, P11&#xD;     FORD EW, 2003, J HLTH HUM SERV ADM, V25, P407&#xD;     FORD EW, 2003, MED CARE RES REV, V60, P31, DOI 10.1177/107755870250231&#xD;     FORD EW, 2005, PUBLIC HEALTH, V119, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.03.002&#xD;     GINTER PM, 1992, PUBLIC HEALTH, V106, P253&#xD;     HANDLER A, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1235&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P29&#xD;     HANDLER AS, 1996, J PUBLIC HEALTH POL, V17, P460&#xD;     KOHN L, 2000, ERR HUMAN BUILDING S&#xD;     LOVELACE K, 2000, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V115, P350&#xD;     MAYS GP, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAG, V4, P63&#xD;     MAYS GR, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P1019&#xD;     MILLER CA, 1977, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V67, P931&#xD;     PICKETT GE, 1981, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V71, P84&#xD;     PRATT M, 1996, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V111, P87&#xD;     RICHARDS TB, 1995, AM J PREV MED S, V11, P36&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1997, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V18, P261&#xD;     WEILER P, 1982, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V72, P1230&#xD;     ZAHNER SJ, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P25</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000237100500003</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>57</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">57</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mays, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corso, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brewer, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Faye Boozman Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control &amp; Prevent, Off Chief Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.&#xD;Beitsch, LM, Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.&#xD;les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">States gathering momentum: Promising strategies for accreditation and assessment activities in multistate learning collaborative applicant states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Public Health Management and Practice</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Public Health Manag. Pract.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">364-373</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accreditation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance management</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality improvement</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC-HEALTH</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000247356900008</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strategies for establishing a national voluntary public health agency accreditation program have been gathering momentum. Recent efforts funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have made a significant impact on the potential for national diffusion-of accreditation models. The Exploring Accreditation Project was a collaboration of the American Public Health Association, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, and the National Association of Local Boards of Health with a national steering committee that studied the feasibility and desirability of a national voluntary accreditation program for state and local public health agencies. Concurrently, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded the &quot;Multi-State Learning Collaborative on Performance and Capacity Assessment or Accreditation of Public Health Departments&quot; (MLC). Among the other purposes of the MLC was the intent for states already engaged in accreditation or assessment activities to inform the national accreditation debate. Five states were selected to be MLC grantees from 18 states completing a formal application process. This article reviews data extracted from the applications of 16 of the 18 applicant states and reviews common themes emerging across programs. Other states contemplating similar programs, as well as those charged with implementing the voluntary model at the national level, may find guidance from these examples.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 180IR&#xD;Times Cited: 1&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 14&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *CDCP, NAT PUBL HLTH PERF S&#xD;     *I MED, 2003, FUT PUBL HLTH 21 CEN&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT CIT, 2001, MOB ACT THROUGH PLAN&#xD;     *PUBL HLTH FUNCT S, 1999, PUBL HLTH AM&#xD;     *TURN POINT PROGR, 2002, SURV PERF MAN PRACT&#xD;     *US DEP HHS, 2000, HLTH PEOPL 2010 UND&#xD;     BEITSCH LM, 2005, AM J PREV MED, V29, P149, DOI&#xD;     10.1016/j.amepre.2005.04.005&#xD;     BEITSCH LM, 2006, HEALTH AFFAIR, V25, P911, DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.25.4.911&#xD;     BEITSCH LM, 2006, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V12, P217&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V112, P22&#xD;     MAYS GP, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAG, V4, P63&#xD;     MAYS GP, 2004, CAN ACCREDITATION WO&#xD;     ROPER W, 2000, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V6, P66&#xD;     THIELEN L, 2004, EXPLORING PUBLIC HLT&#xD;Beitsch, Leslie M. Mays, Glen Corso, Liza Chang, Carol Brewer, Russell</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000247356900008</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitsch, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thielen, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mays, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brewer, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kimbrell, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillen, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corso, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landrum, L. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Fay W Boozman Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Network Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Network Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control &amp; Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Publ Hlth Inst, New Orleans, LA USA.&#xD;Beitsch, LM, Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Med &amp; Publ Hlth, 1115 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.&#xD;les.beitsch@med.fsu.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Multistate Learning Collaborative, states as laboratories: Informing the National Public Health Accreditation dialogue</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Public Health Management and Practice</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Public Health Manag. Pract.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-231</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accreditation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">certification</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">essential services</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">performance management</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality improvement</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERFORMANCE STANDARDS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VALIDITY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000237100500002</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 036UF&#xD;Times Cited: 10&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 32&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *CDCP, 1991, ASS PROT EXC PUBL HL&#xD;     *CDCP, 2001, MOB ACT PLANN PARTN&#xD;     *I MED, 1988, FUT PUBL HLTH&#xD;     *I MED, 2003, FUT PUBL HLTH 21 CEN&#xD;     *MICH PUBL HLTH I, 1997, MICH LOC HLTH DEP AC&#xD;     *WASH STAT DEP HLT, 2000, PROP STAND PUBL HLTH&#xD;     BAIRD JR, 2005, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V11, P422&#xD;     BAKESMARTIN R, 2005, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V11, P418&#xD;     BARRY MA, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V6, P78&#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2002, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V117, P28&#xD;     BEAULIEU J, 2003, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V118, P508&#xD;     BEAULIEU JE, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P188&#xD;     BENDER K, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V6, P26&#xD;     BROWNING P, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P19&#xD;     FORCE IRI, 1990, IMPROVING PUBLIC HLT&#xD;     GREENBERG EL, 1998, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V4, P33&#xD;     HANDLER A, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1235&#xD;     KENNEDY VC, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P183&#xD;     KNIGHT EA, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P216&#xD;     MAHAN CSW, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V6, P85&#xD;     MAUER BJ, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P330&#xD;     MAYS GP, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P193&#xD;     MAYS GP, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P435&#xD;     MCCLELLAN CS, 2005, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V11, P428&#xD;     PYRON TS, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P228&#xD;     REEDY AM, 2005, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V11, P317&#xD;     RUSIS GS, 1998, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V4, P16&#xD;     SCOTCHFIELD FD, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V10, P204&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1995, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V1, P50&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1997, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V18, P261&#xD;     UPSHAW V, 2000, J PUBLI HLTH MANAG P, V6, P88&#xD;     ZAHNER SJ, 2003, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V9, P25</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000237100500002</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>59</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">59</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7263, USA. bettybek@u.washington.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Credentialing for public health nurses: personally valued ... But not well recognized</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Nurs</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439-48</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/08/24</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude of Health Personnel</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Career Mobility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Credentialing/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factor Analysis, Statistical</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faculty, Nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Needs and Demand</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Job Satisfaction</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurse Administrators/education/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurse&apos;s Role</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Methodology Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Staff/education/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Nursing/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salaries and Fringe Benefits</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Values</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0737-1209 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17714228</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: This study examined the extent to which public health nurses (PHNs) see value in credentialing and perceive specific barriers related to a community/public health nursing (C/PHN) credential. DESIGN: A cross-sectional exploratory survey was used to examine the perceived value of credentialing for PHNs and the perceived barriers to obtaining or maintaining the C/PHN credential as the primary variables of interest. SAMPLE: Data were collected from 655 PHN members of national public health nursing organizations who participated in an online survey. MEASUREMENT: Responses related to the perceived value of credentialing were analyzed using factor analysis and descriptive statistics. Data regarding perceived barriers to the C/PHN credential were analyzed through descriptive statistics and through the Borda Count Method for analysis of ranked data (Tannenbaum, 1995). RESULTS: Similar to nurses in other specialties, study participants perceived that credentialing has a high personal value for PHNs, but that certification provides less value in terms of extrinsic recognition. Respondents identified issues related to the lack of external recognition as particular barriers to the C/PHN credential. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide guidance to public health nursing leaders and inform discussions regarding the development of credentialing systems within the field of public health.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, Betty&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)&#xD;Public Health Nurs. 2007 Sep-Oct;24(5):439-48.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHN654 [pii]&#xD;10.1111/j.1525-1446.2007.00654.x [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>550</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">550</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Public Health &amp; Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7263, USA. bettybek@u.washington.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurses&apos; utilization and perception of the community/public health nursing credential</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">944-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/03/21</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude of Health Personnel</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Certification/standards/ utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Nursing/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Nursing/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-0048 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19299666</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: I explored the underutilization of the community/public health nursing (C/PHN) credential by examining the individual characteristics of public health nurses, the value these nurses perceive for certification, the barriers they perceive to obtaining or maintaining a C/PHN credential, and their credential status. METHODS: I surveyed a national sample of 655 public health nurses regarding this more than 20-year-old credential. I analyzed variables related to perceived value, barriers, and characteristics of public health nurses. RESULTS: The perceived value of credentialing did not differ among public health nurses relative to whether they had ever had a C/PHN credential. The C/PHN credential, however, was obtained significantly more often by public health nurses in academic settings than by those working in practice settings. CONCLUSIONS: The C/PHN credential appears to be disproportionately underutilized and unknown to public health nurses in the practice community. Findings suggest, however, that utilization could be improved by increasing the credential&apos;s visibility outside of academic environments and by establishing system-level changes that provide external recognition, such as salary increases and career advancement, for specialty credentials.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, Betty&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;American journal of public health&#xD;Am J Public Health. 2009 May;99(5):944-9. Epub 2009 Mar 19.</style></notes><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AJPH.2008.150029 [pii]&#xD;10.2105/AJPH.2008.150029 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahl, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turning Point National Program Office, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, 6 Nickerson Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turning point sets the stage for emergency preparedness planning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">377-83</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004/10/27</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioterrorism</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/economics/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning/economics/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foundations/economics/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15503602</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nearly a billion dollars were made available to state health departments through federal grants in the spring of 2002 for public health emergency preparedness plans. Twenty-one states had already been participating for some years in The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation&apos;s Turning Point Initiative. This article illustrates how earlier practice and experience in developing cross-sector collaborations and institutionalizing a model of broad-based partnerships for public health decision making can increase effectiveness and efficiency in responding to a call for action around an emergency.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, Betty&#xD;Dahl, Jan&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2003 Sep-Oct;9(5):377-83.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>61</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">61</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riley, C. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Padgett, S. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkowitz, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. bettybek@u.washington.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Making the case: leveraging resources toward public health system improvement in Turning Point states</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">649-54</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/11/07</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficiency, Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Financial Management/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Financing, Organized/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource Allocation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17984721</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leveraging funds to sustain the efforts of a grant-funded initiative is often an explicit, or implicit, expectation in philanthropy. However, the magnitude of funds leveraged and the factors that facilitate success in leveraging are rarely researched. An example of one of these grant-funded initiatives is the National Turning Point Initiative. Twenty-one states received funding from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as part of this initiative to establish and implement strategic goals for achieving significant statewide public health system improvement through diverse, cross-sector partnerships. Leaders from 17 of these 21 states participated in a two-phased study regarding the leveraging of additional funds for their public health infrastructure improvement activities. This article reports on the second phase of the study. In this phase, key informant interviews were conducted to examine how leveraging of resources occurred as part of this large national initiative. Findings indicate that the combination of a comprehensive planning process and a broad-based partnership was crucial in securing resources to expand their efforts. The ability to strategically respond to unexpected events and opportunities also helped states use their plans and partnerships to &quot;make the case&quot; for additional resources to improve their public health infrastructure.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, Betty&#xD;Riley, Catharine M&#xD;Padgett, Stephen M&#xD;Berkowitz, Bobbie&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):649-54.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1097/01.PHH.0000296143.87046.85 [doi]&#xD;00124784-200711000-00018 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>453</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">453</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beltran-Alcrudo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunn, D. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sandrock, C. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardona, C. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avian flu school: a training approach to prepare for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-32</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/11/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Husbandry/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Diseases, Emerging/ prevention &amp; control/veterinary/virology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competency-Based Education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing Countries</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Veterinary/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/ pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza in Birds/prevention &amp; control/transmission/ virology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control/transmission/ virology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Cooperation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Educational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poultry</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools, Medical</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools, Veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sentinel Surveillance/veterinary</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Health</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoonoses/epidemiology/ virology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May-Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19006974</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the reemergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1 HPAI) in 2003, a panzootic that is historically unprecedented in the number of infected flocks, geographic spread, and economic consequences for agriculture has developed. The epidemic has affected a wide range of birds and mammals, including humans. The ineffective management of outbreaks, mainly due to a lack of knowledge among those involved in detection, prevention, and response, points to the need for training on H5N1 HPAI. The main challenges are the multidisciplinary approach required, the lack of experts, the need to train at all levels, and the diversity of outbreak scenarios. Avian Flu School addresses these challenges through a three-level train-the-trainer program intended to minimize the health and economic impacts of H5N1 HPAI by improving a community&apos;s ability to prevent and respond, while protecting themselves and others. The course teaches need-to-know facts using highly flexible, interactive, and relevant materials.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beltran-Alcrudo, Daniel&#xD;Bunn, David A&#xD;Sandrock, Christian E&#xD;Cardona, Carol J&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2008 May-Jun;123(3):323-32.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>535</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">535</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bennett, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centre for Health Governance, Law and Ethics, Faculty of Law, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. b.bennett@usyd.edu.au</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Legal rights during pandemics: federalism, rights and public health laws--a view from Australia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/03/03</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australia/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Rights/ legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza, Human/ epidemiology/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quarantine/legislation &amp; jurisprudence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1476-5616 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19249066</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandemic influenza will cause significant social and economic disruption. Legal frameworks can play an important role in clarifying the rights and duties of individuals, communities and governments for times of crisis. In addressing legal frameworks, there is a need for jurisdictional clarity between different levels of government in responding to public health emergencies. Public health laws are also informed by our understandings of rights and responsibilities for individuals and communities, and the balancing of public health and public freedoms. Consideration of these issues is an essential part of planning for pandemic influenza.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bennett, B&#xD;Netherlands&#xD;Public health&#xD;Public Health. 2009 Mar;123(3):232-6. Epub 2009 Feb 26.</style></notes><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S0033-3506(08)00354-5 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.puhe.2008.12.019 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkowitz, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivory, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychosocial &amp; Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New York Ctr Agr Med Hlth, Cooperstown, NY USA. Harvest Hope Fdn Migrant Farmworkers, Stephentown, NY USA. US Hlth Resources &amp; Serv Adm, US Dept HHS, Fed Off Rural Hlth Policy, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.&#xD;Berkowitz, B, Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychosocial &amp; Community Hlth, Box 357263, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural public health: Policy and research opportunities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Rural Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Rural Health</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">186-196</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDICAID MANAGED CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AREAS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0890-765X</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000177693800006</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in the health care system, medicine, and technology as well as in the characteristics of rural communities raise issues that impact the responsiveness of the rural public health system to emerging threats to health. These issues, which are systemic in nature and primarily involve the infrastructure of public health, include the capacity of rural public health to manage population health, utilize information technology, monitor performance of the essential public health functions, develop leadership and the public health workforce, and promote the interaction and integration of public health and health care. This article provides an overview of policy and research implications, and it suggests that each of these issues contributes to the capacity of public health to effectively improve the outcomes of health in rural communities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 588GM&#xD;Times Cited: 3&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 30&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     *FRONT ED CTR, 1999, PUBL HLTH INFR COMP&#xD;     *NAT ADV COMM RUR, 1999, STAB RUR PUBL HLTH I&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT CIT, 1995, 1992 93 NAT PROF LOC&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT CIT, 1998, PREL RES 1997 PROF U&#xD;     *NAT ASS COUNT CIT, 2001, LOC PUBL HLTH AG INF&#xD;     *US DEP HHS OFF PU, 2000, HLTH PEOPL 2010 OBJ&#xD;     *US DEP HHS, 1997, PUBL HLTH WORKF AG 2&#xD;     *US DEP HHS, 1998, IN OV EL RAC ETHN DI&#xD;     ATCHISON C, 2000, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V6, P93&#xD;     DURCH J, 1997, IMPROVING HLTH COMMU&#xD;     FELTLISK S, 1999, HEALTH AFFAIR, V18, P238&#xD;     FRASER M, 1999, INFORMATION TECHNOLO&#xD;     FREUND C, 2000, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V6, P42&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P113&#xD;     HANDLER A, 2002, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P1235&#xD;     HIRANO D, 1998, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V4, P42&#xD;     KENNEDY V, 1999, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V5, P98&#xD;     KENNEDY V, 2001, J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN, V7, P17&#xD;     KUMEKAWA J, 2001, TELEMEDICINE REPORT&#xD;     LICHIELLO P, 1998, ENABLING PERFORMANCE&#xD;     MARTINEZ R, 1998, PUBLIC HLTH DEP ADAP&#xD;     PERRIN E, 1999, HLTH PERFORMANCE MEA&#xD;     RICHARDS T, 1995, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V2, P70&#xD;     RICHARDSON M, 2001, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V7, P37&#xD;     ROPER W, 2000, J PUBLIC HLTH MANAGE, V6, P66&#xD;     SLIFKIN R, 2001, J RURAL HEALTH, V17, P37&#xD;     SLIFKIN RT, 1998, HEALTH AFFAIR, V17, P217&#xD;     TURNOCK BJ, 1994, PUBLIC HEALTH REP, V109, P478&#xD;     WELTON WE, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P261&#xD;     YAWN B, 1999, TELEMEDICINE NEW FRA&#xD;Suppl. S</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000177693800006</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance&#xD;Workforce&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkowitz, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicola, R. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lafronza, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekemeier, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turning Point&apos;s Legacy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-100</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005/02/16</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Coalitions/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Reform</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality Assurance, Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15711438</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkowitz, Bobbie&#xD;Nicola, Ray M&#xD;Lafronza, Vincent&#xD;Bekemeier, Betty&#xD;Editorial&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2005 Mar-Apr;11(2):97-100.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200503000-00001 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernet, P. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida Atlantic University College of Business, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. PBernet@FAU.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local public health agency funding: money begets money</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">188-93</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/02/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budgets/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Services/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federal Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Financing, Government/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Missouri</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Econometric</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Case Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17299324</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local public health agencies are funded federal, state, and local revenue sources. There is a common belief that increases from one source will be offset by decreases in others, as when a local agency might decide it must increase taxes in response to lowered federal or state funding. This study tests this belief through a cross-sectional study using data from Missouri local public health agencies, and finds, instead, that money begets money. Local agencies that receive more from federal and state sources also raise more at the local level. Given the particular effectiveness of local funding in improving agency performance, these findings that nonlocal revenues are amplified at the local level, help make the case for higher public health funding from federal and state levels.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernet, Patrick Michael&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):188-93.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200703000-00016 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>443</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">443</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernheim, R. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melnick, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Division of Public Health Policy and Practice University of Virginia School of Medicine, USA. Rg3r@virginia.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Principled leadership in public health: integrating ethics into practice and management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">358-66</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leadership</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550-5022 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18552647</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public health officials frequently face ethical tensions and conflicting obligations when making decisions and managing health departments. Leadership requires an ongoing approach to ethics that focuses on two dimensions of practice: the professional relationships of officials developed over time with their communities and the ethical aspects of day-to-day public health activities. Education and competencies in ethics may be helpful in practice, by providing, at a minimum, frameworks and ethical principles to help structure analysis, discussion, and decision making in health departments and with community stakeholders. Such a &quot;practical ethics&quot; approach in public health practice begins with a focus on public health values and an agency mission statement and integrates ethics throughout the organization by, for example, setting performance measures based on them. Using a case in emergency preparedness, this article describes ways in which ethical frameworks and the Code of Ethics can be used as tools for education and to integrate ethics into agency activities and programs.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernstein, A. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauthier, A. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpha Center, Washington, DC 20036, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defining competition in markets: why and how?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Serv Res</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1421-38</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 Pt 2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998/12/29</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antitrust Laws</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catchment Area (Health)/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Competition</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Sector/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Maintenance Organizations/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Policy/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investments/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0017-9124 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9865227</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: To examine the variety of perspectives from which to study the measurement of competition in the healthcare marketplace. Based on a meeting held by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 1996, the authors discuss the complications inherent in the way markets and products are defined by key stakeholders, including economists, policymakers, federal antitrust officials, purchasers, and the competitors themselves. CONCLUSION: The consensus among those who study this issue is that the way competitors, markets, and geographic areas are currently defined, and the ways of measuring competition, are inadequate, due mainly to the fact that both the measures and the definitions have been constructed from very limited data. Confounding this is the fact that analyses of competition are undertaken for such a wide variety of uses and that creating one database to solve the problems mentioned can be extremely daunting. RECOMMENDATIONS: Future research should examine ways to develop better definitions of the new healthcare structures that are competing with each other and ways to create measures of competition that include these new structures. To remedy gaps in the ability to measure competition, the field might also benefit from a public use data file, similar to the Area Resource File (ARF), that would contain HMO data according to geographic area, as well as provider data, employer data, payer data, and sociodemographic data.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernstein, A B&#xD;Gauthier, A K&#xD;Review&#xD;United states&#xD;Health services research&#xD;Health Serv Res. 1998 Dec;33(5 Pt 2):1421-38.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">66</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bialek, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building the science base for public health practice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-8</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Research-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Practice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Assurance,-Health-Care-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diffusion-of-Innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Research-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health-Services-Research-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Assurance,-Health-Care-organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Assurance,-Health-Care-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organization-and-administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11067661</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article explores the need for and current state of the science base in public health practice. In addition, it discusses how the National Public Health Performance Standards Program will help build the science base in the future and how this can have a positive effect on public health practice and community health status.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">; Research Support, Non U.S. Gov&apos;t; Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.</style></work-type><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>369</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birkhead, G. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miner, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lemmings, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koo, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Community Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237-0658, USA. gsb02@health.state.ny.us</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Developing competencies for applied epidemiology: from process to product</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">67-118</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123 Suppl 1</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/24</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competency-Based Education/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Public Health Professional/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology/education/ organization &amp; administration/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Practice/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18497021</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: We developed competencies for applied epidemiologic practice by using a process that is based on existing competency frameworks, that engages professionals in academic and applied epidemiology at all governmental levels (local, state, and federal), and that provides ample opportunity for input from practicing epidemiologists throughout the U.S. METHODS: The model set of core public health competencies, consisting of eight core domains of public health practice, developed in 2001 by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, were adopted as the foundation of the Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Governmental Public Health Agencies (AECs). A panel of experts was convened and met over a period of 20 months to develop a draft set of AECs. Drafts were presented at the annual meetings of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and the American Public Health Association. Input and comments were also solicited from practicing epidemiologists and 14 national organizations representing epidemiology and public health. RESULTS: In all, we developed 149 competency statements across the eight domains of public health practice and four tiers of applied epidemiologic practice. In addition, sub- and sub-subcompetency statements were developed to increase the document&apos;s specificity. During the process, &gt;800 comments from all governmental and academic levels and tiers of epidemiology practice were considered for the final statements. CONCLUSIONS: The AECs are available for use in improving the training for and skill levels of practicing applied epidemiologists and should also be useful for educators, employers, and supervisors. Both CDC and CSTE plan to evaluate their implementation and usefulness in providing information for future competency development.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birkhead, Guthrie S&#xD;Davies, Jac&#xD;Miner, Kathleen&#xD;Lemmings, Jennifer&#xD;Koo, Denise&#xD;U60/CCU07277/CC/United States CDC&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2008;123 Suppl 1:67-118.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workforce</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>67</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">67</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blendon, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhr, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cassidy, E. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunt, K. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleischfresser, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benson, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrmann, M. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rblendon@hsph.harvard.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disparities in health: perspectives of a multi-ethnic, multi-racial America</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1437-47</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/09/13</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultural Diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Healthcare Disparities/ statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minority Groups/ psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ ethnology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prejudice</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Health Care</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1544-5208 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17848456</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This 2006 survey of 4,157 randomly selected U.S. adults compared perceptions of health care disparities among fourteen racial and ethnic groups to those of whites. Findings suggest that many ethnic minority groups view their health care situations differently and, often, more negatively than whites. A substantial proportion perceived discrimination in receiving health care, and many felt that they would not receive the best care if they were sick. Most differences remained when socioeconomic characteristics were controlled for. The variety of responses across racial groups demonstrates the importance of examining ethnic subgroups separately rather than combined into a single category.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blendon, Robert J&#xD;Buhr, Tami&#xD;Cassidy, Elaine F&#xD;Perez, Debra J&#xD;Hunt, Kelly A&#xD;Fleischfresser, Channtal&#xD;Benson, John M&#xD;Herrmann, Melissa J&#xD;Comparative Study&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):1437-47.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26/5/1437 [pii]&#xD;10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1437 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>68</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">68</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blendon, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhr, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cassidy, E. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sussman, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benson, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrmann, M. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rblendon@hsph.harvard.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disparities in physician care: experiences and perceptions of a multi-ethnic America</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Aff (Millwood)</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">507-17</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/03/12</style></edition><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1544-5208 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18332509</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This 2007 Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation survey of 4,334 randomly selected U.S. adults compared perceptions of the quality of physician care among fourteen racial and ethnic groups with those of whites. On each measure examined, at least five and as many as eleven subgroups perceived their care to be significantly worse than care for whites. In many instances, subgroups were at least fifteen percentage points more negative than whites. This was true for Central/South Americans, Chinese Americans, and Korean Americans on five of seven measures. Many of the differences remained after socioeconomic characteristics and language skills were controlled for.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blendon, Robert J&#xD;Buhr, Tami&#xD;Cassidy, Elaine F&#xD;Perez, Debra J&#xD;Sussman, Tara&#xD;Benson, John M&#xD;Herrmann, Melissa J&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Health affairs (Project Hope)&#xD;Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Mar-Apr;27(2):507-17.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27/2/507 [pii]&#xD;10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.507 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>69</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">69</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bowser, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gostin, L. O.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Illinois, Coll Law, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA.&#xD;Bowser, R, Univ Illinois, Coll Law, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managed care and the health of a nation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southern California Law Review</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">South. Calif. Law Rev.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1209-1295</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC-HEALTH</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFECTIOUS-DISEASES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INFORMATION PRIVACY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROMOTE QUALITY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNITED-STATES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYSTEM</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REFORM</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIDS</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLICY</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0038-3910</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000083101300001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 245HQ&#xD;Times Cited: 10&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 261&#xD;Cited References: &#xD; 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Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brennan, T. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigham &amp; Womens Hosp, Dept Qual Management Serv, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.&#xD;Brennan, TA, Brigham &amp; Womens Hosp, Dept Qual Management Serv, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of regulation in quality improvement</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbank Quarterly</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbank Q.</style></alt-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">709-+</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARDIAC-SURGERY</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGED CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEALTH-CARE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OUTCOMES</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STATE</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACCESS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0887-378X</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000077653800008</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many new methods for measuring the quality of health care have been devised since 1970. For the past ten years, the health care field has been struggling to integrate industrial models into its quality improvement systems. In order to judge whether regulation has evolved in tandem with these developments, three critical questions are examined: Is regulation improving the quality of health care? Are regulators integrating che tools of quality research into their oversight activities? Is there a way to combine continuous quality improvement (CQI) and modern methods of quality measurement into a new regulatory format? An exploration of these questions produces relatively little evidence that regulation has moved in the recommended direction, although there are some encouraging signs that regulators are becoming more responsive to the issues.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 150FR&#xD;Times Cited: 21&#xD;Cited Reference Count: 49&#xD;Cited References: &#xD;     1997, MODERN HEALTHCA 0630, P78&#xD;     *BUR NAT AFF, 1996, HLTH LAW REPORTER, V5, P1845&#xD;     *BUR NAT AFF, 1996, HLTH LAW REPORTER, V5, P390&#xD;     *BUR NAT AFF, 1997, HLTH LAW REPORTER, V6, P22&#xD;     *HOSP ASS NY, 1993, REC CHANG HLTH CAR R&#xD;     *NAT COMM QUAL ASS, 1994, HLTH PLAN EMPL DAT I&#xD;     *RAD STAT HLTH GRO, 1995, BRIT MED J, V310, P1045&#xD;     ANDREW G, 1996, FEDERATION B, V83, P228&#xD;     ANNAS GJ, 1995, NEW ENGL J MED, V333, P1647&#xD;     AYRES I, 1992, RESPONSIVE REGULATIO&#xD;     BERWICK DM, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P347&#xD;     BRENNAN TA, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1963&#xD;     BRENNAN TA, 1996, NEW RULES REGULATION&#xD;     BREYER S, 1982, REGULATION REFORM&#xD;     BURSTIN HR, 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V268, P2383&#xD;     BURSTIN HR, 1997, UNPUB DETERRENCE MAL&#xD;     DERBYSHIRE RC, 1969, MED LICENSURE DISCIP&#xD;     DERMAN H, 1997, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V121, P287&#xD;     ENTHOVEN AC, 1997, HEALTH AFFAIR, V16, P44&#xD;     GARDNER J, 1996, MOD HEALTHCARE 0617, P68&#xD;     GOSFIELD AG, 1997, HEALTH AFFAIR, V16, P26&#xD;     GRUMBACH K, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V274, P1282&#xD;     HALVERSON PK, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P113&#xD;     HANNAN EL, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P761&#xD;     JENCKS SF, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V277, P419&#xD;     JOST TS, 1989, OHIO ST LJ, V50, P1&#xD;     LEAPE LL, 1993, QUAL REV B, V19, P144&#xD;     LIU LL, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V278, P293&#xD;     MANDL KD, 1997, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V151, P915&#xD;     MARINER WK, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1986&#xD;     MELLETTE PM, 1986, U RICH L REV, V20, P315&#xD;     OLEARY DS, 1991, QRB, V17, P72&#xD;     OLEARY DS, 1995, MED CARE S, V33, JS13&#xD;     PALLARITO K, 1995, MODERN HEALTHCA 0612, P22&#xD;     PORTER RE, 1995, FEDERATION B, V82, P67&#xD;     PRAGER LO, 1997, AM MED NEWS 0526, P3&#xD;     ROBERTS JS, 1987, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V258, P936&#xD;     RODWIN MA, 1995, AM J LAW MED, V21, P241&#xD;     RUBIN HR, 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V267, P2349&#xD;     SCHAUER F, 1991, PLAYING RULES PHILOS&#xD;     SCHLESINGER M, 1997, MILBANK Q, V75, P35&#xD;     SCHNEIDER EC, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P251&#xD;     SHEWART W, 1937, EC CONTROL QUALITY M&#xD;     SWARTZ K, 1996, ANN INTERN MED, V124, P442&#xD;     VANTUINEN I, 1995, COMP STAT MED BOARDS&#xD;     VEATCH RM, 1995, MED CARE, V33, JS69&#xD;     VIETOR R, 1994, CONTRIVED COMPETITIO&#xD;     WEILER P, 1993, MEASURE MALPRACTICE&#xD;     WILENSKY GR, 1997, HLTH AFFAIRS, V16, P24</style></notes><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000077653800008</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>71</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">71</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brosnan, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brosnan, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therrell, B. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slater, C. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swint, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annegers, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riley, W. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Nursing, Univ. of Texas--Houston 77030, USA. cbrosnan@son1.nur.uth.tmc.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A comparative cost analysis of newborn screening for classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Texas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">170-8</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998/12/16</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birth Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costs and Cost Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonatal Screening/ economics/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Texas</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9719819</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: Texas mandates a two-test newborn screening program for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): one test at birth and a second test at approximately one to two weeks after birth. The authors compared the dollar cost of detecting infants with CAH clinically and through the screening program. METHODS: The authors estimated the costs of screening newborns in 1994 for CAH, including resources used by the Texas Department of Health and the broader cost to society. RESULTS: Fifteen infants with classic CAH were diagnosed in Texas in 1994 among 325,521 infants born (1:21,701 cumulative incidence). Seven infants were detected clinically and the others were detected through screening, six on the first screen and two on the second screen. The first screen identified all previously undetected infants with severe salt-wasting CAH. The cumulative cost to diagnose the seven infants detected clinically was $79,187. The incremental costs for the screening program were $115,169 per additional infant diagnosed through the first screen and $242,865 per additional infant diagnosed through the second screen. CONCLUSIONS: If the goal is early diagnosis of infants with the severe salt-wasting form of CAH, a single screen is effective. If the goal is to detect infants with the simple virilizing form of the disorder who may benefit from early treatment, the second screen is necessary, but it is not as cost-effective as the first screen.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brosnan, C A&#xD;Brosnan, P&#xD;Therrell, B L&#xD;Slater, C H&#xD;Swint, J M&#xD;Annegers, J F&#xD;Riley, W J&#xD;Comparative Study&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United states&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 1998 Mar-Apr;113(2):170-8.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>72</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">72</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holtgrave, D. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology and Center for Public Health Preparedness and Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jbuehle@sph.emory.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Challenges in defining an optimal approach to formula-based allocations of public health funds in the United States</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bmc Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/03/31</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Rationing/ methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2458 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17394645</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Controversy and debate can arise whenever public health agencies determine how program funds should be allocated among constituent jurisdictions. Two common strategies for making such allocations are expert review of competitive applications and the use of funding formulas. Despite widespread use of funding formulas by public health agencies in the United States, formula allocation strategies in public health have been subject to relatively little formal scrutiny, with the notable exception of the attention focused on formula funding of HIV care programs. To inform debates and deliberations in the selection of a formula-based approach, we summarize key challenges to formula-based funding, based on prior reviews of federal programs in the United States. DISCUSSION: The primary challenge lies in identifying data sources and formula calculation methods that both reflect and serve program objectives, with or without adjustments for variations in the cost of delivering services, the availability of local resources, capacity, or performance. Simplicity and transparency are major advantages of formula-based allocations, but these advantages can be offset if formula-based allocations are perceived to under- or over-fund some jurisdictions, which may result from how guaranteed minimum funding levels are set or from &quot;hold-harmless&quot; provisions intended to blunt the effects of changes in formula design or random variations in source data. While fairness is considered an advantage of formula-based allocations, the design of a formula may implicitly reflect unquestioned values concerning equity versus equivalence in setting funding policies. Whether or how past or projected trends are taken into account can also have substantial impacts on allocations. SUMMARY: Insufficient attention has been focused on how the approach to designing funding formulas in public health should differ for treatment or service versus prevention programs. Further evaluations of formula-based versus competitive allocation methods are needed to promote the optimal use of public health funds. In the meantime, those who use formula-based strategies to allocate funds should be familiar with the nuances of this approach.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, James W&#xD;Holtgrave, David R&#xD;Review&#xD;England&#xD;BMC public health&#xD;BMC Public Health. 2007 Mar 29;7:44.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2458-7-44 [pii]&#xD;10.1186/1471-2458-7-44 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>73</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">73</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holtgrave, D. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Preparedness and Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. james.buehler@emory.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Who gets how much: funding formulas in federal public health programs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">151-5</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/02/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioterrorism/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budgets/ methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cost Allocation/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/economics/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federal Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Financing, Government/ methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maternal-Child Health Centers/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preventive Health Services/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States Health Resources and Services Administration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17299318</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federal public health programs use a mix of formula-based and competitive methods to allocate funds among states and other constituent jurisdictions. Characteristics of formula-based allocations used by a convenience sample of four programs, three from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and one from the Health Resources and Services Administration, are described to illustrate formula-based allocation methods in public health. Data sources in these public health formulas include population counts and funding proportions based on historical precedent. None include factors that adjust allocations based on variations in the availability of local resources or the cost of delivering services. Formula-funded activities are supplemented by programs that target specific prevention needs or encourage development of innovative methods to address emerging problems, using set-aside funds. A public health finance research agenda should address ways to improve the fit between funding allocation formulas and program objectives.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, James W&#xD;Holtgrave, David R&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):151-5.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200703000-00010 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>74</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">74</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitney, E. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkelman, R. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Public Health Preparedness &amp; Research and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jbuehle@sph.emory.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Business and public health collaboration for emergency preparedness in Georgia: a case study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bmc Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006/11/23</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioterrorism</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commerce/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Confidentiality</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster Planning/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Government Agencies/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interinstitutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interviews as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liability, Legal</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Organizational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Disasters</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Case Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Culture</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizations, Nonprofit/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary Workers/psychology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2458 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17116256</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Governments may be overwhelmed by a large-scale public health emergency, such as a massive bioterrorist attack or natural disaster, requiring collaboration with businesses and other community partners to respond effectively. In Georgia, public health officials and members of the Business Executives for National Security have successfully collaborated to develop and test procedures for dispensing medications from the Strategic National Stockpile. Lessons learned from this collaboration should be useful to other public health and business leaders interested in developing similar partnerships. METHODS: The authors conducted a case study based on interviews with 26 government, business, and academic participants in this collaboration. RESULTS: The partnership is based on shared objectives to protect public health and assure community cohesion in the wake of a large-scale disaster, on the recognition that acting alone neither public health agencies nor businesses are likely to manage such a response successfully, and on the realization that business and community continuity are intertwined. The partnership has required participants to acknowledge and address multiple challenges, including differences in business and government cultures and operational constraints, such as concerns about the confidentiality of shared information, liability, and the limits of volunteerism. The partnership has been facilitated by a business model based on defining shared objectives, identifying mutual needs and vulnerabilities, developing carefully-defined projects, and evaluating proposed project methods through exercise testing. Through collaborative engagement in progressively more complex projects, increasing trust and understanding have enabled the partners to make significant progress in addressing these challenges. CONCLUSION: As a result of this partnership, essential relationships have been established, substantial private resources and capabilities have been engaged in government preparedness programs, and a model for collaborative, emergency mass dispensing of pharmaceuticals has been developed, tested, and slated for expansion. The lessons learned from this collaboration in Georgia should be considered by other government and business leaders seeking to develop similar partnerships.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buehler, James W&#xD;Whitney, Ellen A&#xD;Berkelman, Ruth L&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;England&#xD;BMC public health&#xD;BMC Public Health. 2006 Nov 20;6:285.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1471-2458-6-285 [pii]&#xD;10.1186/1471-2458-6-285 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>489</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">489</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burns, L. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, J. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Health Care Systems, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. burnsL@wharton.upenn.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospital purchasing alliances: utilization, services, and performance</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Care Manage Rev</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">203-15</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/06/27</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Collection</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficiency, Organizational/economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Group Purchasing/organization &amp; administration/ utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospital Administrators</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550-5030 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18580300</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Hospital purchasing alliances are voluntary consortia of hospitals that aggregate their contractual purchases of supplies from manufacturers. Purchasing groups thus represent pooling alliances rather than trading alliances (e.g., joint ventures). Pooling alliances have been discussed in the health care management literature for years but have never received much empirical investigation. They represent a potentially important source of economies of scale for hospitals. PURPOSES: This study represents the first national survey of hospital purchasing alliances. The survey analyzes alliance utilization, services, and performance from the perspective of the hospital executive in charge of materials management. This study extends research on pooling alliances, develops national benchmark statistics, and answers important issues raised recently about pooling alliances. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The investigators surveyed hospital members in the seven largest purchasing alliances (that account for 93% of all hospital purchases) and individual members of the Association of Healthcare Resource &amp; Materials Management. The concatenated database yielded an approximate population of all hospital materials managers numbering 5,014. FINDINGS: Hospital purchasing group alliances succeed in reducing health care costs by lowering product prices, particularly for commodity and pharmaceutical items. Alliances also reduce transaction costs through commonly negotiated contracts and increase hospital revenues via rebates and dividends. Thus, alliances may achieve purchasing economies of scale. Hospitals report additional value as evidenced by their long tenure and the large share of purchases routed through the alliances. Alliances appear to be less successful, however, in providing other services of importance and value to hospitals and in mediating the purchase of expensive physician preference items. There is little evidence that alliances exclude new innovative firms from the marketplace or restrict hospital access to desired products. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pooling alliances appear successful in purchasing commodity and pharmaceutical products. Pooling alliances face the same issues as trading alliances in their efforts to work with physicians and the supply items they prefer.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burns, Lawton R&#xD;Lee, J Andrew&#xD;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, Non-P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Health care management review&#xD;Health Care Manage Rev. 2008 Jul-Sep;33(3):203-15.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1097/01.HMR.0000324906.04025.33 [doi]&#xD;00004010-200807000-00003 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>75</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">75</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butler, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tews, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raevsky, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canavese, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wojciehowski, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michalak, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brewster, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mason, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation/Performance assessment on-site reviews in Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington: implications for States and an evolving national model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of public health management and practice JPHMP</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-403</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation-statistics-and-numerical-data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program-Evaluation-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-Health-Practice-statistics-and-numerical-data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation-methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peer-Review</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United-States</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistics-and-numerical-data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17563629</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In 1988, the Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health identified the core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance as key roles of the public health governmental sector. Some states have developed accreditation or performance assessment programs to measure how state and/or local government carry out these functions. Several of these programs share a common &quot;on-site review&quot; component defined as a site-specific visit to assess, observe, interview, review, evaluate, and/or survey a local/state agency or program regarding its ability to meet a set of public health standards. This article describes the experience of four states-Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington-in developing and conducting on-site reviews for accreditation or performance assessment.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">76</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cahn, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auston, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selden, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cogdill, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baker, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavanaugh, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elliott, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foster, A. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leep, C. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perez, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pomietto, B. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. nichsr@nlm.nih.gov</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce: a collaboration to improve and protect the public&apos;s health, 1995-2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Med Libr Assoc</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/07/21</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Access to Information</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congresses as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Healthy People Programs/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 19th Century</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 20th Century</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, 21st Century</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internet</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Libraries, Medical/organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Library Collection Development</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Library of Medicine (U.S.)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/history/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1558-9439 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17641765</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: The paper provides a complete accounting of the Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce (Partners) initiative since its inception in 1997, including antecedent activities since 1995. METHODS: A descriptive overview is provided that is based on a review of meeting summaries, published reports, Websites, project reports, databases, usage statistics, and personal experiences from offices in the National Library of Medicine (NLM), six organizations that collaborate formally with NLM on the Partners initiative, and one outside funding partner. RESULTS: With ten years of experience, the initiative is an effective and unique public-private collaboration that builds on the strengths and needs of the organizations that are involved and the constituencies that they serve. Partners-supported and sponsored projects include satellite broadcasts or Webcasts, training initiatives, Web resource development, a collection of historical literature, and strategies for workforce enumeration and expansion of public health systems research, which provide excellent examples of the benefits realized from collaboration between the public health community and health sciences libraries. CONCLUSIONS: With continued funding, existing and new Partners-sponsored projects will be able to fulfill many public health information needs. This collaboration provides excellent opportunities to strengthen the partnership between library science and public health in the use of health information and tools for purposes of improving and protecting the public&apos;s health.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cahn, Marjorie A&#xD;Auston, Ione&#xD;Selden, Catherine R&#xD;Cogdill, Keith&#xD;Baker, Stacy&#xD;Cavanaugh, Debra&#xD;Elliott, Sterling&#xD;Foster, Allison J&#xD;Leep, Carolyn J&#xD;Perez, Debra Joy&#xD;Pomietto, Blakely R&#xD;U50/CCU302718/United States PHS&#xD;Historical Article&#xD;Research Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA&#xD;J Med Libr Assoc. 2007 Jul;95(3):301-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3163/1536-5050.95.3.301 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>435</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">435</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calhoun, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramiah, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weist, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shortell, S. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of a core competency model for the master of public health degree</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1598-607</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accreditation</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphi Technique</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education, Graduate/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Educational</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program Development/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ education</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools, Public Health/organization &amp; administration/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Societies/ organization &amp; administration</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specialty Boards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-0048 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18633093</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Core competencies have been used to redefine curricula across the major health professions in recent decades. In 2006, the Association of Schools of Public Health identified core competencies for the master of public health degree in graduate schools and programs of public health. We provide an overview of the model development process and a listing of 12 core domains and 119 competencies that can serve as a resource for faculty and students for enhancing the quality and accountability of graduate public health education and training. The primary vision for the initiative is the graduation of professionals who are more fully prepared for the many challenges and opportunities in public health in the forthcoming decade.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure, Infrastructure&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>385</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">385</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cantreill, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hung, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fahs, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shelley, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mjc68@columbia.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purchasing patterns and smoking behaviors after a large tobacco tax increase: a study of Chinese Americans living in New York City</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-46</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/07</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China/ethnology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commerce</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking/economics/ ethnology/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taxes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0033-3549 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18457066</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVES: Tobacco taxes are one of the most effective policy interventions to reduce tobacco use. Tax avoidance, however, lessens the public health benefits of higher-priced cigarettes. Few studies examine responses to cigarette tax policies, particularly among high-risk minority populations. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of tax avoidance and changes in smoking behaviors among Chinese American smokers in New York City after a large tax increase. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with data for 614 male smokers from in-person and telephone interviews using a comprehensive household-based survey of 2,537 adults aged 18-74 years. Interviews were conducted in multiple Chinese dialects. RESULTS: A total of 54.7% of respondents reported engaging in at least one low- or no-tax strategy after the New York City and New York State tax increases. The more common strategies for tax avoidance were purchasing cigarettes from a private supplier/importer and purchasing duty free/overseas. Higher consumption, younger age, and number of years in the U.S. were consistently associated with engaging in tax avoidance. Younger and heavier continuing smokers were less likely to make a change in smoking behavior in response to the tax increase. Despite high levels of tax avoidance and varying prices, nearly half of continuing smokers made a positive change in smoking behavior after the tax increase. CONCLUSIONS: Expanded legislation and enforcement must be directed toward minimizing the availability of legal and illegal low- or no-tax cigarette outlets. Public education and cessation assistance customized for the Chinese American community is key to maximizing the effectiveness of tobacco tax policies in this population.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cantreill, Jennifer&#xD;Hung, Dorothy&#xD;Fahs, Marianne C&#xD;Shelley, Donna&#xD;R01-CA93788-01/CA/United States NCI&#xD;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural&#xD;United States&#xD;Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)&#xD;Public Health Rep. 2008 Mar-Apr;123(2):135-46.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Finance</style></custom7><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>77</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">77</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carande-Kulis, V. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Getzen, T. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thacker, S. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. VCarande_Kulis@cdc.gov</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public goods and externalities: a research agenda for public health economics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Public Health Manag Pract</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227-32</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/02/15</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Health Planning</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cost-Benefit Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment Design</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Expenditures</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Accessibility</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Services Research</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Administration/ economics</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk-Taking</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Support</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1078-4659 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17299332</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Among the many roles a government plays in our daily lives, protecting the public&apos;s health is one of the most conspicuous. The government provides goods and services such as registration of births and deaths, public health surveillance of disease and injury, outbreak investigations, research and education, health insurance for the poor and elderly, enforcement of laws and regulations, evaluation of health promotion programs, and assurance of a competent healthy workforce. In the past, economics in public health has almost exclusively focused on efficiency of programs through the use of cost-effectiveness or net present value measures clustered under the rubric of &quot;economic evaluation.&quot; Efficiency measures are useful at the programmatic level. However, lack of full employment and market failures including public goods and the impact of consumers and producers actions not reflected in the markets (externalities) not only compromise efficiency but also generate health inequities. We propose an expansion of the scope of existing health economics research in an area characterized as public health economics--the study of the economic role of government in public health, particularly, but not exclusively, in supplying public goods and addressing externalities.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carande-Kulis, Vilma G&#xD;Getzen, Thomas E&#xD;Thacker, Stephen B&#xD;United States&#xD;Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP&#xD;J Public Health Manag Pract. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):227-32.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finance</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">00124784-200703000-00024 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>427</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">427</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cashman, S. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adeky, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, A. J., 3rd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corburn, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel, B. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montano, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rafelito, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhodes, S. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swanston, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallerstein, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eng, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, A3-150 Benedict Bldg, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. suzanne.cashman@umassmed.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The power and the promise: working with communities to analyze data, interpret findings, and get to outcomes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1407-17</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community-Institutional Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Consumer Participation/ methods/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperative Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data Interpretation, Statistical</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Health/methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Promotion/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hispanic Americans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indians, North American</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michigan</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Mexico</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Case Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Researcher-Subject Relations/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-0048 (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18556617</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although the intent of community-based participatory research (CBPR) is to include community voices in all phases of a research initiative, community partners appear less frequently engaged in data analysis and interpretation than in other research phases. Using 4 brief case studies, each with a different data collection methodology, we provide examples of how community members participated in data analysis, interpretation, or both, thereby strengthening community capacity and providing unique insight. The roles and skills of the community and academic partners were different from but complementary to each other. We suggest that including community partners in data analysis and interpretation, while lengthening project time, enriches insights and findings and consequently should be a focus of the next generation of CBPR initiatives.</style></abstract><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data, Methods&#xD;Workforce</style></custom7></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>399</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">399</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cava, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toronto Public Health--Planning and Policy, 277 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mcava@toronto.ca</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is public health ready for a professional practice framework?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Health Serv Res Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57-63</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 Suppl 1</style></volume><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/04/23</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Focus Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interviews as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ontario</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Competence/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Practice/ standards</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1355-8196 (Print)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18325171</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: To develop a framework for professional practice for a large urban public health unit in Canada. METHODS: The project involved a literature search, key informant interviews, an environmental scan and focus groups. RESULTS: Analysis and synthesis led to recommendations for the development of discipline-specific Professional Practice Leaders (PPL) and an Interprofessional Practice Leaders Network. The latter meets to discuss cross-cutting practice issues and is chaired by the chief executive officer of the health unit, the Medical Officer of Health. The one-year evaluation has demonstrated that this initiative has worked well in practice. It is a flexible framework which provides new leadership opportunities and gives staff valuable input into decision-making on practice issues. It is also a more efficient use of staff resources, including a comprehensive approach to solving problems and in breaking down silos between programs. Communication and collaboration between disciplines has increased. CONCLUSION: The initiative was evaluated successfully after the pilot year. In going forward areas to review include the time allotment for the PPL, communication between the PPL, the respective Program Director and the entire department, and expanding professional development opportunities for the PPL.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cava, Maureen&#xD;England&#xD;Journal of health services research &amp; policy&#xD;J Health Serv Res Policy. 2008 Jan;13 Suppl 1:57-63.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1258/jhsrp.2007.007069 [doi]</style></electronic-resource-num><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>509</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">509</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of expanded newborn screening--United States, 2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1012-5</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/20</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Diseases, Inborn/ diagnosis/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn, Diseases/ diagnosis/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonatal Screening/standards/ trends</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State Government</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wisconsin/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18802410</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universal newborn screening for selected metabolic, endocrine, hematologic, and functional disorders is a well-established practice of state public health programs. Recent developments in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which is now capable of multi-analyte analysis in a high throughput capacity, has enabled newborn screening to include many more disorders detectable from a newborn blood spot. In 2006, to address the substantial variation that existed from state to state in the number of disorders included in newborn screening panels, the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), under guidance from the Health Resources and Services Administration, recommended a uniform panel of 29 disorders, which was subsequently endorsed by the federal Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. After 2006, most states began to expand their panels to include all 29 disorders; currently, 21 states and the District of Columbia have fully implemented the ACMG panel. To estimate the burden to state newborn screening programs resulting from this expansion, CDC used 2001-2006 data from those states with well-established MS/MS screening programs to estimate the number of children in the United States who would have been identified with disorders in 2006 if all 50 states and the District of Columbia had been using the ACMG panel. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, although such an expansion would have increased the number of children identified by only 32% (from 4,370 to 6,439), these children would have had many rare disorders that require local or regional capacity to deliver expertise in screening, diagnosis, and management. The findings underscore the need for public health and health-care delivery systems to build or expand the programs required to manage the rare disorders detected through expanded newborn screening, while also continuing programs to address more common disorders.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 19;57(37):1012-5.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5737a2 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>500</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">500</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months--United States, 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">961-6</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/06</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ utilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 5</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18772851</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19--35 months for each of the 50 states and selected urban areas. This report describes the results of the 2007 NIS, which provided coverage estimates among children born during January 2004-July 2006. Healthy People 2010 established vaccination coverage targets of 90% for each of the vaccines included in the combined 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccine series and a target of 80% for the combined series. Findings from the 2007 NIS indicated that &gt;/=90% coverage was achieved for most of the routinely recommended vaccines. The majority of parents were vaccinating their children, with less than 1% of children receiving no vaccines by age 19-35 months. The coverage level for the 4:3:1:3:3:1 series remained steady at 77.4%, compared with 76.9% in 2006. Among states and local areas, substantial variability continued, with estimated vaccination coverage ranging from 63.1% to 91.3%. Coverage remained high across all racial/ethnic groups and was not significantly different among racial/ethnic groups after adjusting for poverty status. However, for some vaccines, coverage remained lower among children living below the poverty level compared with children living at or above the poverty level. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and continued attention to reducing current poverty disparities is needed to limit the spread -preventable diseases and ensure that children are protected.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 5;57(35):961-6.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5735a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>508</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">508</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-specific influenza vaccination coverage among adults--United States, 2006-07 influenza season</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1033-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/27</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza Vaccines/ administration &amp; dosage</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influenza, Human/epidemiology/ prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaccination/ utilization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18818582</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult groups included in the 2008 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation for annual influenza vaccination include all persons aged &gt;/=50 years, women who will be pregnant during the influenza season, persons aged 18-49 years with high-risk conditions, and other persons at increased risk for complications from influenza. Health-care personnel and household contacts and caregivers of persons at high risk also should receive annual influenza vaccination, as should adults who want to reduce their risk for becoming ill with influenza or for transmitting it to others. Healthy People 2010 influenza vaccination coverage targets are 90% among all persons aged &gt;/=65 years and 60% among persons aged 18-64 years who have one or more high-risk conditions. Data from the 2006 and 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys indicate that influenza vaccination coverage among adults for the 2006-07 season increased significantly compared with the 2005-06 season, reaching 35.1% among persons aged 18-49 years with high-risk conditions, 42.0% among all persons aged 50-64 years, and 72.1% among all persons aged &gt;/=65 years. However, vaccination coverage remained well below Healthy People 2010 targets. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among adults in the United States will require more cooperation among health-care providers, professional organizations, vaccine manufacturers, and public health departments to raise public awareness about influenza vaccination and to ensure continued distribution and administration of available vaccine throughout the vaccination season.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 26;57(38):1033-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5738a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>502</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">502</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State-specific prevalence of obesity among adults--United States, 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">765-8</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/07/19</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity/ epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18636063</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity is associated with reduced quality of life, development of serious chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, increased medical care costs, and premature death. A Healthy People 2010 objective is to reduce to 15% the proportion of adults who are obese. In 2005, no state met this target, and (based on self-reported height and weight) 23.9% of adults in the United States were obese. To update 2005 estimates of the prevalence of obesity in adults, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The results of that analysis indicated that 25.6% of respondents overall in 2007 were obese; the prevalence of obesity among adults remained above 15% in all states and was above 30% in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Enhanced collaborative efforts among national, state, and community groups are needed to establish, evaluate, and sustain effective programs and policies to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the United States.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Jul 18;57(28):765-8.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5728a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>499</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">499</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system--United States, 2006</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">985-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/09/12</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/ epidemiology/ethnology/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States/epidemiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18784639</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CDC has created an HIV incidence surveillance system in selected areas of the United States as a component of its national human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) reporting system. The purpose of the new system is to estimate the number of new HIV infections occurring each year in the United States. Initial results published recently for 2006 showed that 73% of new infections were in males, 45% were in blacks, and 53% were in men who have sex with men (MSM). To provide additional subpopulation estimates by age group, race/ethnicity, and HIV transmission category, CDC conducted a more detailed analysis of data from the new surveillance system. The results indicated that, in 2006, of new HIV infections among males, 72% were in MSM. Among MSM with new infections, 46% were white, 35% were black, and 19% were Hispanic. Among MSM aged 13-29 years, the number of new HIV infections in blacks (5,220) was 1.6 times the number in whites (3,330) and 2.3 times the number in Hispanics (2,300). Among females, the predominant HIV transmission category was high-risk heterosexual contact, which accounted for 80% of new infections. The HIV incidence rate for black females was 14.7 times the rate for white females, and the rate for Hispanic females was 3.8 times the rate for white females. MSM (of all races), blacks, and Hispanics were represented disproportionately in 2006 among those with new HIV infections. The new incidence data will help guide local, state, and national intervention measures tailored to those populations at greatest risk for HIV infection.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Sep 12;57(36):985-9.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5736a1 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>504</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">504</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of enhanced surveillance for hepatitis C virus infection to detect a cluster among young injection-drug users--new York, November 2004-April 2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">517-21</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/16</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cluster Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatitis C/ epidemiology/ prevention &amp; control/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance/ methods</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 16</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1545-861X (Electronic)</style></isbn><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18480744</style></accession-num><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections were added to the nationally notifiable diseases list in 2003. Approximately 3.2 million persons in the United States have chronic HCV infection. The most common risk factor for HCV infection is illicit drug use (specifically injection-drug use [IDU]), although approximately one third to one half of cases have no identified risk factor. Because approximately 80% of acute HCV infections are asymptomatic and no serologic markers for recent infection exist, distinguishing recent from distant infection based on serology alone is challenging and establishment of national HCV infection incidence is difficult. CDC provides funding to enhance surveillance for HCV infection and other forms of viral hepatitis in New York State (NYS) and seven other areas. One project of enhanced surveillance is to identify those HCV infections most likely to have been acquired recently. Since January 2006, NYSDOH has prioritized follow-up of positive laboratory markers for HCV infection among persons aged &lt;30 years because they are more likely to be newly infected than older persons. In February 2007, NYSDOH detected a cluster of HCV infections among persons in this age group by using the prioritized algorithm. This report describes the subsequent investigation by NYSDOH and the Erie County Department of Health (ECDOH), which identified a group of patients with histories of IDU who were linked through a single high school that all the patients had attended at some time. The findings demonstrate how targeted enhanced surveillance can effectively detect clusters and outbreaks and guide appropriate interventions.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States&#xD;MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report&#xD;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 May 16;57(19):517-21.</style></notes><urls></urls><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organization, Structure &amp; Infrastructure&#xD;Technology, Data &amp; Methods</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mm5719a3 [pii]</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nlm</style></remote-database-provider><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><database name="PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl" path="C:\Documents and Settings\rmshap2\Desktop\All things EndNote\EndNote Libraries\PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl">PHSSREndNoteLibraryJune09.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="12.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>525</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z0vt50rdb552pme0de85rt08z5e0202er0ar">525</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centers for Disease, Control</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevention,</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 2005-2007</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365-9</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/04/18</style></edition><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benchmarking</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lead/ blood</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)/statistics &amp;</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occupational Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Surveillance</style></keyword><ke